BiologyQ1–47 of 47 questions
Page 1 of 1 · English
1
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
Binomial nomenclature was introduced by
A
Bentham and Hooker
B
Carolus Linnaeus
C
John Ray
D
Lamarck
Solution
(B) Carolus Linnaeus.
Binomial nomenclature was introduced by Carolus Linnaeus. This naming system uses a two-word format consisting of a generic name and a specific epithet.
Binomial nomenclature was introduced by Carolus Linnaeus. This naming system uses a two-word format consisting of a generic name and a specific epithet.
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2
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
The enzyme involved in crossing over is:
A
endonuclease
B
recombinase
C
ligase
D
polymerase
Solution
(B) The correct answer is $B$.
Crossing over is a process that occurs during the pachytene stage of prophase $I$ of meiosis.
It involves the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
The enzyme complex responsible for catalyzing this recombination event is known as recombinase.
Crossing over is a process that occurs during the pachytene stage of prophase $I$ of meiosis.
It involves the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
The enzyme complex responsible for catalyzing this recombination event is known as recombinase.
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3
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
Kranz anatomy can be seen in
A
pea
B
tomato
C
maize
D
potato
Solution
(C) The correct answer is $C$.
Kranz anatomy is a specialized structure found in the leaves of $C_4$ plants.
In this anatomy, the mesophyll cells are arranged in a ring-like manner around the bundle sheath cells.
Maize $(Zea \, mays)$ is a classic example of a $C_4$ plant, which exhibits this characteristic anatomy to minimize photorespiration.
Kranz anatomy is a specialized structure found in the leaves of $C_4$ plants.
In this anatomy, the mesophyll cells are arranged in a ring-like manner around the bundle sheath cells.
Maize $(Zea \, mays)$ is a classic example of a $C_4$ plant, which exhibits this characteristic anatomy to minimize photorespiration.
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4
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
The respiratory quotient of glucose is:
A
$0.9$
B
$0$
C
$1$
D
$0.7$
Solution
(C) The correct answer is $C$.
When carbohydrates like glucose are used as respiratory substrates and are completely oxidized, the Respiratory Quotient $(RQ)$ is $1$.
This is because the volume of $CO_2$ evolved is equal to the volume of $O_2$ consumed during the process of aerobic respiration, as represented by the equation: $C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{Energy}$.
Thus, $RQ = \frac{\text{Volume of } CO_2 \text{ evolved}}{\text{Volume of } O_2 \text{ consumed}} = \frac{6}{6} = 1$.
When carbohydrates like glucose are used as respiratory substrates and are completely oxidized, the Respiratory Quotient $(RQ)$ is $1$.
This is because the volume of $CO_2$ evolved is equal to the volume of $O_2$ consumed during the process of aerobic respiration, as represented by the equation: $C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{Energy}$.
Thus, $RQ = \frac{\text{Volume of } CO_2 \text{ evolved}}{\text{Volume of } O_2 \text{ consumed}} = \frac{6}{6} = 1$.
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5
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
The most abundant type of $WBC$ are
A
eosinophils
B
basophils
C
monocytes
D
neutrophils
Solution
(D) The correct answer is $D$ (neutrophils).
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells $(WBCs)$,accounting for approximately $60-65\%$ of the total $WBC$ count in the human body.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells $(WBCs)$,accounting for approximately $60-65\%$ of the total $WBC$ count in the human body.
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6
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
Filtration of blood during urine formation takes place in
A
Collecting duct
B
$DCT$
C
Glomerulus
D
$PCT$
Solution
(C) The correct option is $C$.
During the process of urine formation,the first step is the filtration of blood.
This process occurs in the $Glomerulus$,a network of capillaries located within the $Bowman's$ capsule.
This specific process is known as glomerular filtration,where blood is filtered under high pressure.
During the process of urine formation,the first step is the filtration of blood.
This process occurs in the $Glomerulus$,a network of capillaries located within the $Bowman's$ capsule.
This specific process is known as glomerular filtration,where blood is filtered under high pressure.
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7
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
The corpus callosum connects the
A
cerebrum and cerebellum
B
two lobes of cerebellum
C
spinal cord with the brain
D
two cerebral hemispheres
Solution
(D) The correct answer is $D$.
$1$. The cerebrum forms the major part of the human brain.
$2$. $A$ deep cleft divides the cerebrum longitudinally into two halves,which are termed as the left and right cerebral hemispheres.
$3$. These two cerebral hemispheres are connected by a tract of nerve fibres called the corpus callosum,which facilitates communication between them.
$1$. The cerebrum forms the major part of the human brain.
$2$. $A$ deep cleft divides the cerebrum longitudinally into two halves,which are termed as the left and right cerebral hemispheres.
$3$. These two cerebral hemispheres are connected by a tract of nerve fibres called the corpus callosum,which facilitates communication between them.
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8
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
Phycoerythrin and floridean starch are found in
A
brown algae
B
blue-green algae
C
red algae
D
green algae
Solution
(C) red algae.
Phycoerythrin is a characteristic accessory photosynthetic pigment found in red algae $(Rhodophyceae)$,which gives them their red color.
Floridean starch is the stored food material in red algae,which is structurally very similar to amylopectin and glycogen.
Phycoerythrin is a characteristic accessory photosynthetic pigment found in red algae $(Rhodophyceae)$,which gives them their red color.
Floridean starch is the stored food material in red algae,which is structurally very similar to amylopectin and glycogen.
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9
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
Different types of respiratory organs like gills,book gills,book lungs and trachea are present in
A
arthropods
B
sponges
C
annelids
D
molluscs
Solution
(A) The correct answer is $A$ (arthropods).
Respiratory organs such as gills,book gills,book lungs,and trachea are characteristic features found in the phylum $Arthropoda$.
These diverse respiratory structures allow arthropods to adapt to various environments,including aquatic and terrestrial habitats.
Respiratory organs such as gills,book gills,book lungs,and trachea are characteristic features found in the phylum $Arthropoda$.
These diverse respiratory structures allow arthropods to adapt to various environments,including aquatic and terrestrial habitats.
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10
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
Cell theory was formulated by
A
Schleiden and Robert Brown
B
Schleiden and Schwann
C
Schwann and Robert Brown
D
Robert Hooke and Robert Brown
Solution
(B) The correct option is $B$.
In $1838$, $Matthias \ Schleiden$, a German botanist, examined a large number of plants and observed that all plants are composed of different kinds of cells which form the tissues of the plant.
At about the same time $(1839)$, $Theodor \ Schwann$, a British zoologist, reported that cells had a thin outer layer which is today known as the '$plasma \ membrane$'.
He also concluded, based on his studies on plant tissues, that the presence of cell wall is a unique character of the plant cells.
On the basis of this, $Schwann$ proposed the hypothesis that the bodies of animals and plants are composed of cells and products of cells.
Together, $Schleiden$ and $Schwann$ formulated the cell theory.
In $1838$, $Matthias \ Schleiden$, a German botanist, examined a large number of plants and observed that all plants are composed of different kinds of cells which form the tissues of the plant.
At about the same time $(1839)$, $Theodor \ Schwann$, a British zoologist, reported that cells had a thin outer layer which is today known as the '$plasma \ membrane$'.
He also concluded, based on his studies on plant tissues, that the presence of cell wall is a unique character of the plant cells.
On the basis of this, $Schwann$ proposed the hypothesis that the bodies of animals and plants are composed of cells and products of cells.
Together, $Schleiden$ and $Schwann$ formulated the cell theory.
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11
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
The type of polysaccharide present in a cotton fibre is:
A
Cellulose
B
Starch
C
Glycogen
D
Inulin
Solution
(A) . Cellulose.
Cellulose is a fibrous homopolysaccharide that forms the structural element of the cell wall in all plants,some fungi,and protists.
It is the primary component of cotton fibre,which is nearly pure cellulose.
Cellulose is a fibrous homopolysaccharide that forms the structural element of the cell wall in all plants,some fungi,and protists.
It is the primary component of cotton fibre,which is nearly pure cellulose.
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12
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
$Cuscuta$ is an example of
A
ectoparasitism
B
brood parasitism
C
predation
D
endoparasitism
Solution
(A) $Cuscuta$ is a total stem parasite which is a classic example of ectoparasitism.
It is commonly found growing on hedge plants.
During the course of evolution,it has lost its chlorophyll and leaves.
It attaches and wraps itself around the stem of the host plant and produces haustoria that are inserted into the vascular system of the host.
The parasitic plant absorbs all the nutrients from the host plant with the help of these haustoria.
$Cuscuta$ is also known to derive the flower-inducing hormone,florigen,from the host.
It is commonly found growing on hedge plants.
During the course of evolution,it has lost its chlorophyll and leaves.
It attaches and wraps itself around the stem of the host plant and produces haustoria that are inserted into the vascular system of the host.
The parasitic plant absorbs all the nutrients from the host plant with the help of these haustoria.
$Cuscuta$ is also known to derive the flower-inducing hormone,florigen,from the host.
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13
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
Which of the following is a $2000$ year old viable seed discovered during the archaeological excavation at King Herod's palace near the Dead Sea?
A
Maize
B
Sunflower
C
Lupin
D
Phoenix dactylifera
Solution
(D) The correct answer is $D$.
$Phoenix \ dactylifera$ (Date Palm) is the plant whose seeds were found to be viable after $2000$ years.
These seeds were discovered during an archaeological excavation at King Herod's palace near the Dead Sea.
$Phoenix \ dactylifera$ (Date Palm) is the plant whose seeds were found to be viable after $2000$ years.
These seeds were discovered during an archaeological excavation at King Herod's palace near the Dead Sea.
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14
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
$A$ typical mature embryo sac of an angiosperm is:
A
$7-$nucleated,$8$-celled structure
B
$8-$nucleated,$8$-celled structure
C
$8-$nucleated,$1$-celled structure
D
$8-$nucleated,$7$-celled structure
Solution
(D) The correct answer is $D$.
In a typical angiosperm,the mature embryo sac (female gametophyte) is $8$-nucleated and $7$-celled.
It consists of $3$ antipodal cells,$2$ synergids,$1$ egg cell,and $1$ large central cell containing $2$ polar nuclei.
In a typical angiosperm,the mature embryo sac (female gametophyte) is $8$-nucleated and $7$-celled.
It consists of $3$ antipodal cells,$2$ synergids,$1$ egg cell,and $1$ large central cell containing $2$ polar nuclei.
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15
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
The ovule of an angiosperm is technically known as:
A
megaspore mother cell
B
megasporangium
C
megaspore
D
megasporophyll
Solution
(B) megasporangium.
In angiosperms,the ovule is a specialized structure that develops into a seed after fertilization. Technically,the ovule is referred to as a megasporangium because it contains the nucellus (the megasporangium proper) surrounded by integuments.
In angiosperms,the ovule is a specialized structure that develops into a seed after fertilization. Technically,the ovule is referred to as a megasporangium because it contains the nucellus (the megasporangium proper) surrounded by integuments.
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16
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
The stalk of the stamen is known as:
A
petiole
B
filament
C
peduncle
D
pedicel
Solution
(B) The stamen is the male reproductive organ of a flower,consisting of two main parts: the anther and the filament.
$1$. The anther is the pollen-bearing part.
$2$. The filament is the long,slender stalk that supports the anther.
Therefore,the stalk of the stamen is the filament.
$1$. The anther is the pollen-bearing part.
$2$. The filament is the long,slender stalk that supports the anther.
Therefore,the stalk of the stamen is the filament.
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17
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
$Cry$ $IAb$ effectively controls
A
root nematode
B
cotton bollworms
C
ringworm
D
corn borer
Solution
(B) cotton bollworms.
$Bt$ cotton is a genetically modified organism that produces insecticidal proteins.
The specific genes $cryIAc$ and $cryIIAb$ are introduced into the cotton plant to provide resistance against cotton bollworms.
These genes encode for crystal proteins that,when ingested by the larvae of the bollworm,cause pore formation in the midgut,leading to the death of the insect.
$Bt$ cotton is a genetically modified organism that produces insecticidal proteins.
The specific genes $cryIAc$ and $cryIIAb$ are introduced into the cotton plant to provide resistance against cotton bollworms.
These genes encode for crystal proteins that,when ingested by the larvae of the bollworm,cause pore formation in the midgut,leading to the death of the insect.
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18
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
Silencing of specific mRNA in RNAi is by
A
ssDNA
B
ssRNA
C
dsDNA
D
dsRNA
Solution
(D) $RNAi$ involves the silencing of a specific $mRNA$ due to a complementary $dsRNA$ molecule that prevents the translation of the $mRNA$.
This process is a method of cellular defense and gene regulation.
This process is a method of cellular defense and gene regulation.
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19
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
$ADA$ deficiency can be cured by
A
kidney transplantation
B
bone-marrow transplantation
C
heart transplantation
D
liver transplantation
Solution
(B) $ADA$ deficiency is caused by the deletion of the gene for adenosine deaminase.
In some children,$ADA$ deficiency can be cured by bone-marrow transplantation.
Alternatively,it can be treated by enzyme replacement therapy,in which functional $ADA$ is given to the patient by injection.
However,both these approaches are not completely curative,so gene therapy is considered a permanent solution.
In some children,$ADA$ deficiency can be cured by bone-marrow transplantation.
Alternatively,it can be treated by enzyme replacement therapy,in which functional $ADA$ is given to the patient by injection.
However,both these approaches are not completely curative,so gene therapy is considered a permanent solution.
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20
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
The average natality rate in our village is $25$, the average mortality rate is $24$, immigration is $2$, and emigration is $3$. What is the net increase in the population?
A
$10$
B
$0$
C
$27$
D
$5$
Solution
(B) The formula for the net population change is: $\text{Net Increase} = (\text{Natality} + \text{Immigration}) - (\text{Mortality} + \text{Emigration})$.
Given values are: $\text{Natality} = 25$, $\text{Mortality} = 24$, $\text{Immigration} = 2$, and $\text{Emigration} = 3$.
Substituting these values into the formula:
$\text{Net Increase} = (25 + 2) - (24 + 3)$
$\text{Net Increase} = 27 - 27 = 0$.
Therefore, the net increase in the population is $0$.
Given values are: $\text{Natality} = 25$, $\text{Mortality} = 24$, $\text{Immigration} = 2$, and $\text{Emigration} = 3$.
Substituting these values into the formula:
$\text{Net Increase} = (25 + 2) - (24 + 3)$
$\text{Net Increase} = 27 - 27 = 0$.
Therefore, the net increase in the population is $0$.
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21
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
The amount of photosynthetically active radiation captured by plants is
A
$60-70$ percent
B
$20-30$ percent
C
$12-20$ percent
D
$2-10$ percent
Solution
(D) $2-10\%$ of photosynthetically active radiation $(PAR)$ is captured by plants.
$PAR$ refers to the light spectrum with wavelengths between $400-700 \ nm$, which is utilized by plants for the process of photosynthesis.
Out of the total incident solar radiation reaching the Earth, less than $50\%$ constitutes $PAR$.
Plants capture only a small fraction $(2-10\%)$ of this $PAR$ to synthesize organic compounds.
$PAR$ refers to the light spectrum with wavelengths between $400-700 \ nm$, which is utilized by plants for the process of photosynthesis.
Out of the total incident solar radiation reaching the Earth, less than $50\%$ constitutes $PAR$.
Plants capture only a small fraction $(2-10\%)$ of this $PAR$ to synthesize organic compounds.
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22
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
The given graph represents:
A
population growth
B
enzyme activity
C
species-area relationship
D
growth of organisms
Solution
(C) The given graph represents the species-area relationship.
Alexander von Humboldt observed that within a region,species richness increases with increasing explored area,but only up to a limit.
The relationship is described by the equation $S = CA^Z$,where:
$S$ = Species richness
$A$ = Area
$Z$ = Slope of the line (regression coefficient)
$C$ = $Y$-intercept
On a logarithmic scale,this relationship becomes a straight line described by the equation $\log S = \log C + Z \log A$.
Alexander von Humboldt observed that within a region,species richness increases with increasing explored area,but only up to a limit.
The relationship is described by the equation $S = CA^Z$,where:
$S$ = Species richness
$A$ = Area
$Z$ = Slope of the line (regression coefficient)
$C$ = $Y$-intercept
On a logarithmic scale,this relationship becomes a straight line described by the equation $\log S = \log C + Z \log A$.
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23
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the human placenta?
A
Progestogen
B
hCG
C
$FSH$
D
Relaxin
Solution
(C) is the correct answer.
Follicle-stimulating hormone $(FSH)$ is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
It stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in the ovary.
Progestogens,human chorionic gonadotropin $(hCG)$,and relaxin are hormones secreted by the human placenta during pregnancy.
Follicle-stimulating hormone $(FSH)$ is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
It stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in the ovary.
Progestogens,human chorionic gonadotropin $(hCG)$,and relaxin are hormones secreted by the human placenta during pregnancy.
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24
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
In which month of gestation,the first movements of the fetus and the appearance of hair on its head are observed?
A
$5^{\text{th}}$ month
B
$1^{\text{st}}$ month
C
$8^{\text{th}}$ month
D
$4^{\text{th}}$ month
Solution
(A) The correct answer is $A$.
During the human pregnancy period (gestation),the first movements of the fetus and the appearance of hair on the head are observed during the $5^{\text{th}}$ month of pregnancy.
By the end of the first month,the heart is formed.
By the end of the second month,limbs and digits develop.
By the end of the first trimester,most major organ systems are formed.
During the $5^{\text{th}}$ month,the fetus shows movement and hair appears on the head.
During the human pregnancy period (gestation),the first movements of the fetus and the appearance of hair on the head are observed during the $5^{\text{th}}$ month of pregnancy.
By the end of the first month,the heart is formed.
By the end of the second month,limbs and digits develop.
By the end of the first trimester,most major organ systems are formed.
During the $5^{\text{th}}$ month,the fetus shows movement and hair appears on the head.
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25
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
Identify the odd one from the following.
A
Infundibulum
B
Fimbriae
C
Isthmus
D
Labia minora
Solution
(D) Labia minora.
$Infundibulum$,$Fimbriae$,and $Isthmus$ are parts of the $Fallopian$ tube (oviduct),which is a part of the internal female reproductive system.
$Labia$ $minora$ is a part of the female external genitalia (vulva).
$Infundibulum$,$Fimbriae$,and $Isthmus$ are parts of the $Fallopian$ tube (oviduct),which is a part of the internal female reproductive system.
$Labia$ $minora$ is a part of the female external genitalia (vulva).
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26
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
The testes are situated outside the abdominal cavity in the scrotum as it helps to
A
maintain the low temperature
B
store sperm
C
regulate hormone secretion
D
release sperm
Solution
(A) The correct answer is $A$.
The testes are situated outside the abdominal cavity within a pouch called the scrotum.
The scrotum helps in maintaining the low temperature of the testes ($2-2.5^{\circ}C$ lower than the normal internal body temperature),which is necessary for spermatogenesis.
The testes are situated outside the abdominal cavity within a pouch called the scrotum.
The scrotum helps in maintaining the low temperature of the testes ($2-2.5^{\circ}C$ lower than the normal internal body temperature),which is necessary for spermatogenesis.
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27
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
Amniocentesis is a process to
A
grow cells on a culture medium
B
determine any disease of the heart
C
determine the sex of the foetus
D
know about the diseases of the brain
Solution
(C) Amniocentesis is a prenatal diagnostic technique based on the chromosomal pattern in the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing embryo.
It is primarily used to detect chromosomal abnormalities,developmental disorders,and metabolic diseases.
However,it is also used to determine the sex of the foetus,which is why it is legally banned in many countries to prevent female foeticide.
It is primarily used to detect chromosomal abnormalities,developmental disorders,and metabolic diseases.
However,it is also used to determine the sex of the foetus,which is why it is legally banned in many countries to prevent female foeticide.
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28
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
The technique advised by a doctor to overcome the problem of infertility is:
A
$RCH$
B
$MTP$
C
$RTI$
D
$ART$
Solution
(D) The correct option is $D$.
Assisted Reproductive Technologies $(ART)$ is a collection of medical techniques used to help individuals or couples achieve pregnancy when they are facing infertility issues.
$RCH$ stands for Reproductive and Child Health care.
$MTP$ stands for Medical Termination of Pregnancy.
$RTI$ stands for Reproductive Tract Infections.
Assisted Reproductive Technologies $(ART)$ is a collection of medical techniques used to help individuals or couples achieve pregnancy when they are facing infertility issues.
$RCH$ stands for Reproductive and Child Health care.
$MTP$ stands for Medical Termination of Pregnancy.
$RTI$ stands for Reproductive Tract Infections.
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29
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
The affected male in the pedigree chart is symbolised by
A
B
C
D
Solution
(A) In a pedigree chart,standard symbols are used to represent individuals and their relationships.
- $A$ square represents a male.
- $A$ circle represents a female.
- $A$ shaded (filled) symbol indicates an affected individual (showing the trait or disease).
- Therefore,an affected male is represented by a shaded square.
- $A$ square represents a male.
- $A$ circle represents a female.
- $A$ shaded (filled) symbol indicates an affected individual (showing the trait or disease).
- Therefore,an affected male is represented by a shaded square.
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30
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
Gynecomastia is a symptom of
A
Turner's syndrome
B
Down's syndrome
C
Cri-du-chat syndrome
D
Klinefelter's syndrome
Solution
(D) Klinefelter's syndrome.
Gynecomastia is a condition in which the breast tissue of boys and men swells and becomes larger than normal.
It is a characteristic clinical feature of Klinefelter's syndrome,which is caused by an extra $X$ chromosome (genotype $47, XXY$).
Gynecomastia is a condition in which the breast tissue of boys and men swells and becomes larger than normal.
It is a characteristic clinical feature of Klinefelter's syndrome,which is caused by an extra $X$ chromosome (genotype $47, XXY$).
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31
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
Which of the following is an example of a non-Mendelian disorder?
A
Thalassemia
B
Haemophilia
C
Cystic fibrosis
D
Down's syndrome
Solution
(D) is the correct answer.
$A$,$B$,and $C$ are examples of Mendelian disorders,which are caused by mutations in a single gene.
$D$ (Down's syndrome) is a chromosomal disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome $21$ (trisomy of $21$),which is a non-Mendelian inheritance pattern.
$A$,$B$,and $C$ are examples of Mendelian disorders,which are caused by mutations in a single gene.
$D$ (Down's syndrome) is a chromosomal disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome $21$ (trisomy of $21$),which is a non-Mendelian inheritance pattern.
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32
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
$XO$ type of sex determination and $XY$ type of sex determination are examples of:
A
male homogamety
B
male heterogamety
C
female homogamety
D
female heterogamety
Solution
(B) The correct answer is $B$ (male heterogamety).
In both $XO$ type and $XY$ type of sex determination,the male individual produces two different types of gametes (heterogametes).
In $XO$ type,males produce gametes with an $X$ chromosome and gametes without an $X$ chromosome.
In $XY$ type,males produce gametes with an $X$ chromosome and gametes with a $Y$ chromosome.
Since the male produces two different types of gametes,this mechanism is known as male heterogamety.
In both $XO$ type and $XY$ type of sex determination,the male individual produces two different types of gametes (heterogametes).
In $XO$ type,males produce gametes with an $X$ chromosome and gametes without an $X$ chromosome.
In $XY$ type,males produce gametes with an $X$ chromosome and gametes with a $Y$ chromosome.
Since the male produces two different types of gametes,this mechanism is known as male heterogamety.
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33
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
Which aspect forms the basis of $DNA$ fingerprinting?
A
The satellite $DNA$ showing high degree of repetition in $DNA$ segments.
B
The ratio of purines and pyrimidines present in $DNA$.
C
The amount of $DNA$ found in samples of blood, saliva and skin.
D
The sequence of $DNA$ present in the ridges and grooves of fingerprints.
Solution
(A) $DNA$ fingerprinting relies on the identification of differences in specific regions of $DNA$ sequences called repetitive $DNA$.
Specifically, it utilizes satellite $DNA$, which consists of short sequences of $DNA$ repeated many times.
These sequences, known as Variable Number Tandem Repeats $(VNTRs)$, show a high degree of polymorphism.
Since the number of repeats varies from person to person, it creates a unique genetic profile for every individual, which forms the fundamental basis of $DNA$ fingerprinting.
Specifically, it utilizes satellite $DNA$, which consists of short sequences of $DNA$ repeated many times.
These sequences, known as Variable Number Tandem Repeats $(VNTRs)$, show a high degree of polymorphism.
Since the number of repeats varies from person to person, it creates a unique genetic profile for every individual, which forms the fundamental basis of $DNA$ fingerprinting.
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34
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
The number of codons effective in coding twenty amino acids is:
A
$64$
B
$61$
C
$20$
D
$32$
Solution
(B) There are a total of $64$ possible codons in the genetic code.
Out of these $64$ codons,$3$ codons $(UAA, UAG, UGA)$ are stop codons (termination codons) which do not code for any amino acid.
Therefore,the number of codons that actually code for the $20$ amino acids is $64 - 3 = 61$.
Out of these $64$ codons,$3$ codons $(UAA, UAG, UGA)$ are stop codons (termination codons) which do not code for any amino acid.
Therefore,the number of codons that actually code for the $20$ amino acids is $64 - 3 = 61$.
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35
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
$DNA$ replicates semiconservatively was first shown in
A
plants
B
Escherichia coli
C
higher animals
D
human cell
Solution
(B) The correct answer is $B$.
Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl performed an experiment in $1958$ using $Escherichia \text{ } coli$ to prove that $DNA$ replication is semiconservative.
They grew $E. \text{ } coli$ in a medium containing $^{15}N$ (a heavy isotope of nitrogen) for many generations, then transferred them to a medium with $^{14}N$ (a lighter isotope).
By analyzing the density of the $DNA$ using cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation, they observed that the $DNA$ molecules were hybrids of both isotopes, confirming the semiconservative model of replication.
This mechanism was subsequently shown to occur in higher organisms, including plants and human cells.
Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl performed an experiment in $1958$ using $Escherichia \text{ } coli$ to prove that $DNA$ replication is semiconservative.
They grew $E. \text{ } coli$ in a medium containing $^{15}N$ (a heavy isotope of nitrogen) for many generations, then transferred them to a medium with $^{14}N$ (a lighter isotope).
By analyzing the density of the $DNA$ using cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation, they observed that the $DNA$ molecules were hybrids of both isotopes, confirming the semiconservative model of replication.
This mechanism was subsequently shown to occur in higher organisms, including plants and human cells.
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36
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
$A$ series of experiments were conducted by Frederick Griffith in $1928$,on the transforming principle with:
A
Salmonella typhimurium
B
Escherichia coli
C
Streptococcus pneumoniae
D
Bacillus thuringiensis
Solution
(C) The correct answer is $C$.
In $1928$,Frederick Griffith performed a series of experiments using the bacterium $Streptococcus$ $pneumoniae$ (the bacterium responsible for pneumonia).
He observed that a non-virulent strain of bacteria could be transformed into a virulent strain by a 'transforming principle' present in heat-killed virulent bacteria.
This experiment provided the first evidence that genetic material could be transferred between organisms.
In $1928$,Frederick Griffith performed a series of experiments using the bacterium $Streptococcus$ $pneumoniae$ (the bacterium responsible for pneumonia).
He observed that a non-virulent strain of bacteria could be transformed into a virulent strain by a 'transforming principle' present in heat-killed virulent bacteria.
This experiment provided the first evidence that genetic material could be transferred between organisms.
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37
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
The given diagram represents:
A
nucleosome
B
chromosome
C
mesosome
D
ribosome
Solution
(A) The correct answer is $(A)$.
The diagram shows a nucleosome.
$A$ nucleosome is the basic structural unit of $DNA$ packaging in eukaryotes.
It consists of a segment of negatively charged $DNA$ wrapped around a positively charged histone octamer (a complex of eight histone proteins).
The $H_1$ histone protein helps in stabilizing the structure by binding to the $DNA$ where it enters and leaves the nucleosome.
The diagram shows a nucleosome.
$A$ nucleosome is the basic structural unit of $DNA$ packaging in eukaryotes.
It consists of a segment of negatively charged $DNA$ wrapped around a positively charged histone octamer (a complex of eight histone proteins).
The $H_1$ histone protein helps in stabilizing the structure by binding to the $DNA$ where it enters and leaves the nucleosome.
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38
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
The first human-like being is
A
Homo sapiens
B
Homo erectus
C
Homo menthus
D
Homo habilis
Solution
(D) $Homo \text{ } habilis$ is considered the first human-like being.
They lived approximately $2.0$ to $1.5$ million years ago.
They had a brain capacity between $650-800 \text{ } cc$ and were the first to use tools.
They lived approximately $2.0$ to $1.5$ million years ago.
They had a brain capacity between $650-800 \text{ } cc$ and were the first to use tools.
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39
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
Identify the most infectious and fatal type of malarial parasite.
A
Plasmodium falciparum
B
Plasmodium vivax
C
Plasmodium ovale
D
Plasmodium malariae
Solution
(A) $Plasmodium \ falciparum$ is the most dangerous and infectious species of the malarial parasite.
It causes malignant malaria,which is characterized by high fever and severe complications,and it can be fatal if not treated promptly.
It causes malignant malaria,which is characterized by high fever and severe complications,and it can be fatal if not treated promptly.
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40
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
Which one of the following is an opiate narcotic?
A
Amphetamines
B
Barbiturates
C
$LSD$
D
Morphine
Solution
(D) Morphine.
$Morphine$ is a well-known opiate narcotic derived from the latex of the poppy plant,$Papaver$ $somniferum$.
It acts as a central nervous system depressant and is primarily used as a potent analgesic for pain relief.
$Morphine$ is a well-known opiate narcotic derived from the latex of the poppy plant,$Papaver$ $somniferum$.
It acts as a central nervous system depressant and is primarily used as a potent analgesic for pain relief.
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41
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
Which of the following is a side effect of the use of anabolic steroids in females?
A
Cirrhosis of the liver
B
Loss of memory
C
Masculinisation
D
Hallucination
Solution
(C) The correct answer is $C$.
Anabolic steroids are synthetic compounds that mimic the effects of testosterone.
When used by females,they cause significant hormonal imbalances leading to masculinisation.
Key side effects in females include:
$1$. Development of male-like features (masculinisation).
$2$. Abnormal menstrual cycles.
$3$. Excessive hair growth on the face and body (hirsutism).
$4$. Enlargement of the clitoris.
$5$. Deepening of the voice.
Anabolic steroids are synthetic compounds that mimic the effects of testosterone.
When used by females,they cause significant hormonal imbalances leading to masculinisation.
Key side effects in females include:
$1$. Development of male-like features (masculinisation).
$2$. Abnormal menstrual cycles.
$3$. Excessive hair growth on the face and body (hirsutism).
$4$. Enlargement of the clitoris.
$5$. Deepening of the voice.
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42
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
The type of antibodies produced during the allergic reaction is:
A
IgG
B
IgA
C
IgM
D
IgE
Solution
(D) The correct answer is $D$ (IgE).
Allergic reactions are hypersensitive responses of the immune system to certain antigens present in the environment,known as allergens.
When an individual is exposed to an allergen,the immune system produces specific antibodies of the $IgE$ class.
These $IgE$ antibodies bind to mast cells and basophils,triggering the release of chemicals like histamine and serotonin,which cause the symptoms of an allergy.
Allergic reactions are hypersensitive responses of the immune system to certain antigens present in the environment,known as allergens.
When an individual is exposed to an allergen,the immune system produces specific antibodies of the $IgE$ class.
These $IgE$ antibodies bind to mast cells and basophils,triggering the release of chemicals like histamine and serotonin,which cause the symptoms of an allergy.
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43
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
Which vitamin is increased by $LAB$ in curd?
A
Vitamin $B_{12}$
B
Vitamin $C$
C
Vitamin $E$
D
Vitamin $B$
Solution
(A) $LAB$ (Lactic Acid Bacteria) converts milk into curd.
This process improves the nutritional quality of curd by increasing the content of Vitamin $B_{12}$.
This process improves the nutritional quality of curd by increasing the content of Vitamin $B_{12}$.
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44
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
Which enzyme is useful for removing oily stains in laundry?
A
Amylase
B
Renin
C
Lipase
D
Protease
Solution
(C) Lipase.
Lipases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of fats (lipids).
They are widely used in detergent formulations because they are highly effective in breaking down and removing oily and greasy stains from laundry.
Lipases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of fats (lipids).
They are widely used in detergent formulations because they are highly effective in breaking down and removing oily and greasy stains from laundry.
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45
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
The term "Molecular Scissors" refers to
A
restriction enzyme
B
polymerase-$I$
C
taq polymerase
D
polymerase-$II$
Solution
(A) The term "Molecular Scissors" refers to restriction enzymes.
These enzymes are used in biotechnology to cut $DNA$ molecules at specific recognition sequences.
They act like biological scissors by cleaving the phosphodiester bonds within the $DNA$ backbone.
These enzymes are used in biotechnology to cut $DNA$ molecules at specific recognition sequences.
They act like biological scissors by cleaving the phosphodiester bonds within the $DNA$ backbone.
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46
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
An antibiotic resistance gene in a vector usually helps in the selection of
A
non-recombinant cells
B
competent cells
C
non-competent cells
D
transformed cells
Solution
(D) The correct answer is $D$.
In recombinant $DNA$ technology,vectors (such as plasmids) are engineered to contain selectable markers,which are typically antibiotic resistance genes (e.g.,$amp^R$,$tet^R$).
When host cells (like $E. coli$) are treated with the recombinant vector,only those cells that successfully take up the vector (transformed cells) will acquire the antibiotic resistance trait.
By plating these cells on a medium containing the specific antibiotic,only the transformed cells will survive and form colonies,while non-transformed cells will be killed.
In recombinant $DNA$ technology,vectors (such as plasmids) are engineered to contain selectable markers,which are typically antibiotic resistance genes (e.g.,$amp^R$,$tet^R$).
When host cells (like $E. coli$) are treated with the recombinant vector,only those cells that successfully take up the vector (transformed cells) will acquire the antibiotic resistance trait.
By plating these cells on a medium containing the specific antibiotic,only the transformed cells will survive and form colonies,while non-transformed cells will be killed.
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47
BiologyEasyMCQKCET · 2022
Gel electrophoresis is used for
A
separation of $DNA$ fragments according to their size
B
construction of recombinant $DNA$ by joining with cloning vectors
C
cutting of $DNA$ into fragments
D
cutting of $DNA$ molecule
Solution
(A) Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate charged molecules like $DNA$,$RNA$,or proteins based on their size.
In the context of $DNA$ technology,it is specifically used to separate $DNA$ fragments according to their size.
Since $DNA$ fragments are negatively charged,they move towards the anode under an electric field through a matrix (usually agarose gel).
The smaller fragments move faster and travel further through the gel pores compared to larger fragments,allowing for effective separation.
In the context of $DNA$ technology,it is specifically used to separate $DNA$ fragments according to their size.
Since $DNA$ fragments are negatively charged,they move towards the anode under an electric field through a matrix (usually agarose gel).
The smaller fragments move faster and travel further through the gel pores compared to larger fragments,allowing for effective separation.
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