NEET 2022 Biology Question Paper with Answer and Solution

(B) The reaction $2H_2O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O + O_2$ is catalyzed by the enzyme catalase.
Catalase is a conjugated protein that requires a prosthetic group to function.
The prosthetic group present in catalase is $Haem$ (an iron-containing porphyrin ring).
Therefore,the correct option is $B$.

(A) Angiotensin $II$ is a powerful vasoconstrictor that stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone. This statement is correct.
$(b)$ Aldosterone promotes the reabsorption of $Na^+$ and water from the distal parts of the kidney tubules,which increases blood volume and blood pressure. This statement is correct.
$(c)$ Atrial Natriuretic Factor $(ANF)$ is released by the heart in response to increased blood flow/pressure and acts as a check (antagonist) on the renin-angiotensin mechanism. This statement is correct.
$(d)$ $ADH$ (Antidiuretic Hormone) causes vasoconstriction,not vasodilation. This statement is incorrect.
$(e)$ Vasopressin $(ADH)$ is synthesized by the hypothalamus and released from the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary),not the adenohypophysis. This statement is incorrect.
Therefore,statements $(a), (b),$ and $(c)$ are correct.

(C) During metaphase,the nuclear envelope completely disintegrates,allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chromosomes.
Chromosomes are at their most condensed state during this phase.
Chromosomes align at the equatorial plate of the cell.
Each metaphase chromosome consists of two sister chromatids held together by a centromere,not four. Therefore,the statement that they are made up of four sister chromatids is incorrect.