BiologyQ101–106 of 201 questions
Page 3 of 3 · English
101
BiologyMediumMCQNEET · 2016
The posterior pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because
A
It is under the regulation of the hypothalamus.
B
It secretes enzymes.
C
It contains ducts.
D
It only stores and releases hormones.
Solution
(D) The posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis) is not considered a true endocrine gland because it does not synthesize its own hormones.
Instead,the hormones $Oxytocin$ and $Vasopressin$ $(ADH)$ are synthesized by the neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus.
These hormones are transported along the axons to the posterior pituitary,where they are stored and subsequently released into the bloodstream upon stimulation.
Since it lacks the ability to produce hormones independently,it functions primarily as a storage and release site.
Instead,the hormones $Oxytocin$ and $Vasopressin$ $(ADH)$ are synthesized by the neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus.
These hormones are transported along the axons to the posterior pituitary,where they are stored and subsequently released into the bloodstream upon stimulation.
Since it lacks the ability to produce hormones independently,it functions primarily as a storage and release site.
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102
BiologyMediumMCQNEET · 2016
What is the cotyledon of a maize grain called?
A
Coleorhiza
B
Coleoptile
C
Scutellum
D
Plumule
Solution
(C) In monocotyledonous seeds like maize,the embryo consists of a single large,shield-shaped cotyledon known as the $Scutellum$.
It is situated towards one side of the embryonal axis.
$Coleorhiza$ is the sheath covering the radicle,while $Coleoptile$ is the sheath covering the plumule.
It is situated towards one side of the embryonal axis.
$Coleorhiza$ is the sheath covering the radicle,while $Coleoptile$ is the sheath covering the plumule.
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103
BiologyMediumMCQNEET · 2016
Water vapor exits from the leaves of terrestrial plants through open stomata. During photosynthesis,carbon dioxide enters the plant through the same open stomata. Identify the reason for the above statements from the following options.
A
Both processes occur simultaneously because the diffusion coefficients of water and carbon dioxide are different.
B
Both processes are observed only during the night.
C
One process occurs during the day and the other during the night.
D
Both processes do not occur simultaneously.
Solution
(A) During the day,when stomata are open to allow the entry of $CO_2$ for photosynthesis,water vapor also escapes from the leaves due to transpiration.
Although the diffusion coefficients of water vapor and $CO_2$ are different,the concentration gradient for water vapor (from inside the leaf to the outside) and $CO_2$ (from outside to inside) allows both processes to occur simultaneously through the same open stomata.
Therefore,the correct explanation is that both processes happen at the same time because the diffusion rates are governed by their respective concentration gradients despite different diffusion coefficients.
Although the diffusion coefficients of water vapor and $CO_2$ are different,the concentration gradient for water vapor (from inside the leaf to the outside) and $CO_2$ (from outside to inside) allows both processes to occur simultaneously through the same open stomata.
Therefore,the correct explanation is that both processes happen at the same time because the diffusion rates are governed by their respective concentration gradients despite different diffusion coefficients.
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104
BiologyMediumMCQNEET · 2016
During photosynthesis,the $O_2$ released comes from water molecules. Which of the following pairs of elements is involved in this process?
A
Manganese and Chlorine
B
Manganese and Potassium
C
Magnesium and Molybdenum
D
Magnesium and Chlorine
Solution
(A) During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis,the photolysis of water occurs to release electrons,protons,and oxygen.
This process is catalyzed by the Oxygen Evolving Complex $(OEC)$ associated with Photosystem $II$.
The essential elements required for the photolysis of water are Manganese $(Mn^{2+})$,Chlorine $(Cl^-)$,and Calcium $(Ca^{2+})$.
Therefore,the pair of elements involved in this process from the given options is Manganese and Chlorine.
This process is catalyzed by the Oxygen Evolving Complex $(OEC)$ associated with Photosystem $II$.
The essential elements required for the photolysis of water are Manganese $(Mn^{2+})$,Chlorine $(Cl^-)$,and Calcium $(Ca^{2+})$.
Therefore,the pair of elements involved in this process from the given options is Manganese and Chlorine.
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105
BiologyMediumMCQNEET · 2016
How is the blood pressure in the pulmonary artery?
A
Higher than in the carotid artery
B
Higher than in the pulmonary vein
C
Lower than in the vena cava
D
Same as in the aorta
Solution
(B) The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation is significantly lower than in the systemic circulation.
However,within the pulmonary circuit,the pressure in the pulmonary artery is higher than the pressure in the pulmonary veins,as the pressure drops as blood flows through the pulmonary capillaries to reach the veins.
Blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation is significantly lower than in the systemic circulation.
However,within the pulmonary circuit,the pressure in the pulmonary artery is higher than the pressure in the pulmonary veins,as the pressure drops as blood flows through the pulmonary capillaries to reach the veins.
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106
BiologyMediumMCQNEET · 2016
What is the cause of asthma?
A
Allergic reaction of mast cells in the lungs
B
Inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles
C
Accumulation of fluid in the lungs
D
Bacterial infection in the lungs
Solution
(B) Asthma is a respiratory disorder characterized by difficulty in breathing due to inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles.
It is often triggered by an allergic reaction where mast cells release chemicals like histamine,leading to the constriction of the airways and increased mucus production.
Therefore,the primary physiological cause is the inflammation of the bronchial tubes.
It is often triggered by an allergic reaction where mast cells release chemicals like histamine,leading to the constriction of the airways and increased mucus production.
Therefore,the primary physiological cause is the inflammation of the bronchial tubes.
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