BiologyQ101–116 of 213 questions
Page 3 of 3 · English
101
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 1999
What is the net gain of $ATP$ molecules during aerobic respiration?
A
$36$ molecules
B
$38$ molecules
C
$40$ molecules
D
$48$ molecules
Solution
(A) During aerobic respiration, the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose yields a total of $38$ $ATP$ molecules in prokaryotes. However, in most eukaryotic cells, the net gain is $36$ $ATP$ molecules because $2$ $ATP$ molecules are consumed during the transport of $NADH$ produced in glycolysis into the mitochondria via the glycerol-phosphate shuttle. Since $36$ is the standard net gain accepted for eukaryotes in most textbook contexts, the correct answer is $36$ $ATP$ molecules.
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102
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 1999
What causes the movement of leaves in the $Mimosa$ $pudica$ plant?
A
Thermonasty
B
Seismonasty
C
Hydrotropism
D
Chemonasty
Solution
(B) The movement of leaves in $Mimosa$ $pudica$ (touch-me-not plant) upon being touched is known as seismonasty.
Seismonasty is a type of nastic movement in plants that occurs in response to mechanical stimuli such as touch,vibration,or shaking.
This movement is caused by a sudden loss of turgor pressure in the cells of the pulvinus (the swollen base of the leaf stalk).
When the plant is touched,electrical and chemical signals cause water to move out of the pulvinus cells,leading to the drooping of the leaves.
Seismonasty is a type of nastic movement in plants that occurs in response to mechanical stimuli such as touch,vibration,or shaking.
This movement is caused by a sudden loss of turgor pressure in the cells of the pulvinus (the swollen base of the leaf stalk).
When the plant is touched,electrical and chemical signals cause water to move out of the pulvinus cells,leading to the drooping of the leaves.
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103
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 1999
Abscisic acid $(ABA)$ regulates which of the following?
A
Cell division
B
Leaf abscission and dormancy
C
Shoot elongation
D
Cell elongation and cell wall formation
Solution
(B) Abscisic acid $(ABA)$ is a plant growth inhibitor.
It plays a crucial role in the abscission of leaves and fruits.
It also induces dormancy in seeds and buds,which helps plants survive unfavorable environmental conditions.
Therefore,$ABA$ is primarily associated with the regulation of leaf abscission and dormancy.
It plays a crucial role in the abscission of leaves and fruits.
It also induces dormancy in seeds and buds,which helps plants survive unfavorable environmental conditions.
Therefore,$ABA$ is primarily associated with the regulation of leaf abscission and dormancy.
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104
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 1999
Which part of the body secretes the hormone secretin?
A
Alimentary canal
B
Duodenum
C
Stomach
D
Ileum
Solution
(B) Secretin is a peptide hormone produced by the $S$-cells of the duodenum,which is the first part of the small intestine.
It is released into the bloodstream in response to the acidity of the chyme entering the duodenum from the stomach.
Its primary function is to stimulate the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice,which helps neutralize the acidic chyme.
It is released into the bloodstream in response to the acidity of the chyme entering the duodenum from the stomach.
Its primary function is to stimulate the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice,which helps neutralize the acidic chyme.
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105
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 1999
Folic acid and pantothenic acid belong to which of the following groups?
A
Vitamin-$C$
B
Vitamin-$K$
C
Vitamin-$A$
D
Vitamin-$B$ complex
Solution
(D) Folic acid is known as Vitamin-$B_9$ and pantothenic acid is known as Vitamin-$B_5$.
Both of these vitamins are water-soluble and are essential components of the Vitamin-$B$ complex group.
Vitamin-$B$ complex consists of a group of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism.
Both of these vitamins are water-soluble and are essential components of the Vitamin-$B$ complex group.
Vitamin-$B$ complex consists of a group of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism.
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106
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 1999
Cholecystokinin and duocrinin are secreted by?
A
Adrenal cortex
B
Thyroid gland
C
Pancreas
D
Intestine
Solution
(D) Cholecystokinin $(CCK)$ and duocrinin are gastrointestinal hormones.
$CCK$ is secreted by the $I$-cells of the duodenal and jejunal mucosa.
Duocrinin is secreted by the mucosa of the duodenum.
Both of these hormones are produced by the endocrine cells located in the wall of the small intestine.
Therefore,the correct option is $D$.
$CCK$ is secreted by the $I$-cells of the duodenal and jejunal mucosa.
Duocrinin is secreted by the mucosa of the duodenum.
Both of these hormones are produced by the endocrine cells located in the wall of the small intestine.
Therefore,the correct option is $D$.
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107
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 1999
Which of the following is mismatched?
A
Vitamin $K - \text{Beriberi}$
B
Vitamin $D - \text{Rickets}$
C
Vitamin $C - \text{Scurvy}$
D
Vitamin $A - \text{Xerophthalmia}$
Solution
(A) The correct answer is $A$.
Vitamin $K$ is essential for blood clotting, and its deficiency leads to excessive bleeding.
Beriberi is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin $B_1$ (Thiamine), not Vitamin $K$.
Vitamin $D$ deficiency causes Rickets in children.
Vitamin $C$ deficiency causes Scurvy.
Vitamin $A$ deficiency causes Xerophthalmia (dryness of the eyes).
Vitamin $K$ is essential for blood clotting, and its deficiency leads to excessive bleeding.
Beriberi is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin $B_1$ (Thiamine), not Vitamin $K$.
Vitamin $D$ deficiency causes Rickets in children.
Vitamin $C$ deficiency causes Scurvy.
Vitamin $A$ deficiency causes Xerophthalmia (dryness of the eyes).
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108
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 1999
Which of the following organs is most affected by a deficiency of $O_2$ in humans?
A
Intestine
B
Skin
C
Kidney
D
Brain
Solution
(D) The brain is the most metabolically active organ in the human body and has a very high demand for oxygen to maintain its continuous electrical and chemical activities.
It lacks the ability to store significant amounts of oxygen or energy reserves.
Therefore,even a brief period of $O_2$ deficiency (hypoxia) can lead to rapid impairment of brain function,loss of consciousness,and permanent neuronal damage.
It lacks the ability to store significant amounts of oxygen or energy reserves.
Therefore,even a brief period of $O_2$ deficiency (hypoxia) can lead to rapid impairment of brain function,loss of consciousness,and permanent neuronal damage.
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109
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 1999
The process of migration of chloride ions from plasma to $R.B.C.$ and bicarbonate ions from $R.B.C.$ to plasma is known as:
A
Chloride shift
B
Ionic shift
C
Molecular shift
D
$Na^+$ pump
Solution
(A) The process described is known as the Chloride Shift or the Hamburger phenomenon.
When $CO_2$ enters the $R.B.C.$,it reacts with water to form carbonic acid $(H_2CO_3)$,which dissociates into $H^+$ and $HCO_3^-$.
To maintain electrical neutrality,$HCO_3^-$ ions diffuse out of the $R.B.C.$ into the plasma,and an equivalent number of chloride ions $(Cl^-)$ diffuse from the plasma into the $R.B.C.$
This exchange is essential for the transport of carbon dioxide in the blood.
When $CO_2$ enters the $R.B.C.$,it reacts with water to form carbonic acid $(H_2CO_3)$,which dissociates into $H^+$ and $HCO_3^-$.
To maintain electrical neutrality,$HCO_3^-$ ions diffuse out of the $R.B.C.$ into the plasma,and an equivalent number of chloride ions $(Cl^-)$ diffuse from the plasma into the $R.B.C.$
This exchange is essential for the transport of carbon dioxide in the blood.
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110
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 1999
The pacemaker of the heart is known as ........
A
$AV$ node
B
Bundle of His
C
$SA$ node
D
Purkinje fibers
Solution
(C) The heart's rhythmic contraction is initiated by a specialized patch of cardiac muscle fibers called the $SA$ node (Sinoatrial node).
It is located in the right upper corner of the right atrium.
Because it generates the action potential that sets the pace for the heart's contraction,it is known as the natural pacemaker of the heart.
It is located in the right upper corner of the right atrium.
Because it generates the action potential that sets the pace for the heart's contraction,it is known as the natural pacemaker of the heart.
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111
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 1999
Hardening of the arterial wall is called . . . . . . .
A
Arthritis
B
Atherosclerosis
C
Aneurysm
D
Both $(a)$ and $(c)$
Solution
(B) The hardening of the arterial wall due to the deposition of calcium,fats,cholesterol,and other substances is known as $Atherosclerosis$.
$Arthritis$ refers to the inflammation of joints.
$Aneurysm$ is a localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel.
Therefore,the correct term for the hardening of the arterial wall is $Atherosclerosis$.
$Arthritis$ refers to the inflammation of joints.
$Aneurysm$ is a localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel.
Therefore,the correct term for the hardening of the arterial wall is $Atherosclerosis$.
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112
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 1999
Which is the primary cation present in the blood plasma?
A
Magnesium
B
Sodium
C
Potassium
D
Calcium
Solution
(B) Blood plasma contains various electrolytes,including sodium,potassium,calcium,magnesium,chloride,bicarbonate,and phosphate ions.
Among these,$Na^+$ (sodium) is the most abundant cation in the blood plasma,playing a crucial role in maintaining osmotic pressure and fluid balance in the body.
Therefore,the correct option is $B$.
Among these,$Na^+$ (sodium) is the most abundant cation in the blood plasma,playing a crucial role in maintaining osmotic pressure and fluid balance in the body.
Therefore,the correct option is $B$.
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113
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 1999
Hemoglobin is a type of ............ .
A
Carbohydrate
B
Vitamin
C
Skin pigment
D
Respiratory pigment
Solution
(D) Hemoglobin is a complex protein found in red blood cells $(RBCs)$.
It contains an iron-rich heme group and a protein called globin.
Its primary function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs.
Due to this vital role in gas exchange,it is classified as a respiratory pigment.
It contains an iron-rich heme group and a protein called globin.
Its primary function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs.
Due to this vital role in gas exchange,it is classified as a respiratory pigment.
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114
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 1999
Which of the following is true for blood group '$O$'?
A
Absence of antigens but presence of '$a$' and '$b$' antibodies.
B
Presence of antibody '$A$' and antibody '$B$'.
C
Both antigens and antibodies are absent.
D
Presence of '$A, B$' antigens and '$a, b$' antibodies.
Solution
(A) In the $ABO$ blood grouping system,blood group '$O$' is characterized by the absence of both '$A$' and '$B$' antigens on the surface of red blood cells $(RBCs)$.
However,the plasma of individuals with blood group '$O$' contains both anti-$A$ (antibody '$a$') and anti-$B$ (antibody '$b$') antibodies.
Therefore,the correct statement is that there is an absence of antigens but a presence of '$a$' and '$b$' antibodies.
However,the plasma of individuals with blood group '$O$' contains both anti-$A$ (antibody '$a$') and anti-$B$ (antibody '$b$') antibodies.
Therefore,the correct statement is that there is an absence of antigens but a presence of '$a$' and '$b$' antibodies.
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115
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 1999
If a person is injured and requires a blood transfusion,but the blood group of the patient is not checked,which of the following blood groups can be safely administered?
A
$O$ negative
B
$B$ positive
C
$A$ positive
D
$AB$ positive
Solution
(A) The blood group $O$ negative $(O^-)$ is known as the universal donor.
This is because red blood cells of $O^-$ blood type lack both $A$ and $B$ antigens on their surface and also lack the $Rh$ factor.
Therefore,they do not trigger an immune response (agglutination) when transfused into a recipient of any other blood group.
In emergency situations where the patient's blood group is unknown,$O$ negative blood is the safest choice to prevent transfusion reactions.
This is because red blood cells of $O^-$ blood type lack both $A$ and $B$ antigens on their surface and also lack the $Rh$ factor.
Therefore,they do not trigger an immune response (agglutination) when transfused into a recipient of any other blood group.
In emergency situations where the patient's blood group is unknown,$O$ negative blood is the safest choice to prevent transfusion reactions.
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116
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 1999
Which plant possesses climbing roots?
A
Podostemon
B
Orchid
C
Trapa
D
Pandanus
Solution
(B) Climbing roots are specialized adventitious roots that help plants climb up a support. Among the given options,$Trapa$ (water chestnut) is an aquatic plant with floating roots,$Pandanus$ (screw pine) has stilt roots,and $Podostemon$ is a river-weed. $Orchid$ (specifically epiphytic orchids) possesses specialized roots called velamen roots,but certain climbing orchids use adventitious roots to climb on tree trunks. However,in the context of standard botanical questions regarding climbing roots,$Piper$ $betle$ or $Pothos$ are common examples. Given the options provided,$Orchid$ is the most appropriate answer as some species exhibit climbing behavior via adventitious roots.
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