Self Induction Questions in English

(A) The formula for induced emf $(e)$ in an inductor is given by $e = -L \frac{di}{dt}$.
Given:
Inductance $L = 30 \ mH = 30 \times 10^{-3} \ H$.
Initial current $i_1 = 6 \ A$.
Final current $i_2 = 2 \ A$.
Time interval $dt = 2 \ s$.
Change in current $di = i_2 - i_1 = 2 \ A - 6 \ A = -4 \ A$.
Substituting the values:
$e = - (30 \times 10^{-3} \ H) \times \left( \frac{-4 \ A}{2 \ s} \right)$.
$e = - (30 \times 10^{-3}) \times (-2) = 60 \times 10^{-3} \ V = 0.06 \ V$.
The magnitude of the induced emf is $0.06 \ V$.

(A) The self-inductance $L$ of a solenoid is given by the formula: $L = \frac{\mu_0 N^2 A}{l}$,where $\mu_0 = 4\pi \times 10^{-7} \ T \cdot m/A$ is the permeability of free space,$N = 200$ is the number of turns,$l = 0.4 \ m$ is the length,and $A = \pi r^2$ is the cross-sectional area. Given the diameter $d = 7 \ cm = 0.07 \ m$,the radius $r = 0.035 \ m$. Thus,$A = \pi (0.035)^2 \approx 3.848 \times 10^{-3} \ m^2$. Substituting these values: $L = \frac{(4\pi \times 10^{-7}) \times (200)^2 \times (3.848 \times 10^{-3})}{0.4}$. $L = \frac{(12.566 \times 10^{-7}) \times 40000 \times 3.848 \times 10^{-3}}{0.4}$. $L = \frac{0.193}{0.4} \approx 0.4825 \times 10^{-3} \ H = 482.5 \ \mu H$. This is approximately $484 \ \mu H$.

(B) The formula for the induced emf in a coil due to self-inductance is given by $\varepsilon = -L \frac{di}{dt}$.
Taking the magnitude,we have $|\varepsilon| = L \frac{|\Delta i|}{\Delta t}$.
Given:
Initial current $i_1 = 2 \ A$
Final current $i_2 = 5 \ A$
Change in current $\Delta i = i_2 - i_1 = 5 \ A - 2 \ A = 3 \ A$.
Time interval $\Delta t = 0.3 \ s$.
Induced emf $\varepsilon = 40 \ mV = 40 \times 10^{-3} \ V$.
Substituting the values into the formula:
$40 \times 10^{-3} = L \times \frac{3}{0.3}$.
$40 \times 10^{-3} = L \times 10$.
$L = \frac{40 \times 10^{-3}}{10} = 4 \times 10^{-3} \ H$.
$L = 4 \ mH$.

(C) The self-inductance $L$ of a solenoid is given by the formula $L = \mu_0 n^2 A l$,where $n$ is the number of turns per unit length,$A$ is the cross-sectional area,and $l$ is the length of the solenoid.
Given for solenoids $A$ and $B$:
Ratio of turns per unit length: $\frac{n_A}{n_B} = \frac{1}{3}$
Ratio of lengths: $\frac{l_A}{l_B} = \frac{1}{2}$
Cross-sectional areas are equal: $A_A = A_B = A$
Since $L \propto n^2 l$,the ratio of self-inductances is:
$\frac{L_A}{L_B} = \left(\frac{n_A}{n_B}\right)^2 \times \left(\frac{l_A}{l_B}\right)$
Substituting the given values:
$\frac{L_A}{L_B} = \left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^2 \times \left(\frac{1}{2}\right) = \frac{1}{9} \times \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{18}$
Therefore,the ratio is $1: 18$.

(C) Given: Change in current $\Delta I = 14 \ A - 4 \ A = 10 \ A$.
Time interval $\Delta t = 0.2 \ ms = 0.2 \times 10^{-3} \ s$.
Induced emf $e = 150 \ V$.
The formula for induced emf in an inductor is $e = L \cdot \frac{\Delta I}{\Delta t}$.
Substituting the values: $150 = L \cdot \frac{10}{0.2 \times 10^{-3}}$.
$150 = L \cdot \frac{10}{2 \times 10^{-4}} = L \cdot 5 \times 10^4$.
$L = \frac{150}{5 \times 10^4} = 30 \times 10^{-4} \ H = 3 \times 10^{-3} \ H = 3 \ mH$.

(A) Physically,the self-inductance plays the role of inertia in an electrical circuit.
It is the electromagnetic analogue of mass in mechanics.
Just as mass opposes any change in the state of motion of a body,self-inductance opposes any change in the current flowing through the circuit.
Therefore,work needs to be done against the induced back electromotive force $(emf)$ to establish or change the current.

(B) The magnetic field $B$ inside a long solenoid is given by $B = \mu_0 n I$,where $n$ is the number of turns per unit length and $I$ is the current.
The magnetic flux $\phi$ through a single turn of the solenoid is $\phi = B \cdot A = \mu_0 n I A$.
The total number of turns $N$ in a solenoid of length $l$ is $N = n \cdot l$.
The total magnetic flux linkage $\Phi$ is given by $\Phi = N \cdot \phi = (nl) \cdot (\mu_0 n I A) = \mu_0 n^2 I A l$.
By definition,the self-inductance $L$ is given by $\Phi = L I$,so $L = \frac{\Phi}{I} = \mu_0 n^2 A l$.

(A) The self-inductance $L$ of a solenoid is given by the formula:
$L = \frac{\mu_0 N^2 A}{l}$
Given values:
Number of turns, $N = 5000$
Length, $l = 1 \,m$
Area, $A = 0.02 \,m^2$
Permeability of free space, $\mu_0 = 4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \,T \cdot m/A$
Substituting these values into the formula:
$L = \frac{4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \times (5000)^2 \times 0.02}{1}$
$L = 4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \times 25,000,000 \times 0.02$
$L = 4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \times 500,000$
$L = 4 \pi \times 0.05 = 0.2 \pi \,H$

(D) Given,self-inductance $L = 50 mH = 50 \times 10^{-3} H$.
Change in current $\Delta I = 1 A - 0 A = 1 A$.
Time interval $\Delta t = 0.1 s$.
The formula for self-induced emf is $\varepsilon = L \frac{|\Delta I|}{\Delta t}$.
Substituting the values: $\varepsilon = (50 \times 10^{-3} H) \times \frac{1 A}{0.1 s}$.
$\varepsilon = 50 \times 10^{-3} \times 10 = 500 \times 10^{-3} = 0.5 V$.

(A) Given:
Self-inductance of the inductor,$L = 40 \text{ mH} = 40 \times 10^{-3} \text{ H}$.
Initial current,$I_1 = 2 \text{ A}$.
Final current,$I_2 = 12 \text{ A}$.
Time interval,$dt = 8 \text{ ms} = 8 \times 10^{-3} \text{ s}$.
The magnitude of the induced emf in an inductor is given by the formula:
$|\varepsilon| = L \frac{di}{dt}$
Substituting the values:
$|\varepsilon| = (40 \times 10^{-3} \text{ H}) \times \frac{(12 \text{ A} - 2 \text{ A})}{8 \times 10^{-3} \text{ s}}$
$|\varepsilon| = 40 \times 10^{-3} \times \frac{10}{8 \times 10^{-3}}$
$|\varepsilon| = 40 \times \frac{10}{8} = 5 \times 10 = 50 \text{ V}$.

(C) The change in current in the coil is given by $\Delta I = I_f - I_i = 1 \,A - 3 \,A = -2 \,A$.
The time interval is $\Delta t = 0.1 \,s$.
The self-inductance of the coil is $L = 8 \,mH = 8 \times 10^{-3} \,H$.
The induced emf $(e)$ in the coil is given by the formula $e = -L \frac{dI}{dt}$.
Substituting the values,we get $e = -(8 \times 10^{-3} \,H) \times \frac{-2 \,A}{0.1 \,s}$.
$e = 8 \times 10^{-3} \times 20 \,V = 160 \times 10^{-3} \,V = 16 \times 10^{-2} \,V$.

(A) The self-inductance of a solenoid is given by $L = \frac{\mu_0 N^2 A}{l}$,where $N$ is the number of turns,$A = \pi r^2$ is the cross-sectional area,and $l$ is the length of the solenoid.
From this,$N^2 = \frac{L l}{\mu_0 A} = \frac{L l}{\mu_0 \pi r^2}$,so $N = \frac{1}{r} \sqrt{\frac{L l}{\mu_0 \pi}}$.
The total length of the wire used is $W = N \times (2 \pi r)$.
Substituting the value of $N$,we get $W = \left( \frac{1}{r} \sqrt{\frac{L l}{\mu_0 \pi}} \right) \times (2 \pi r)$.
$W = 2 \pi \sqrt{\frac{L l}{\mu_0 \pi}} = \sqrt{\frac{4 \pi^2 L l}{\mu_0 \pi}} = \sqrt{\frac{4 \pi L l}{\mu_0}}$.

(B) The self-inductance $L$ of a circular coil is given by $L = \frac{N \Phi_B}{I}$.
For a circular coil,the magnetic field at the center is $B = \frac{\mu_0 N I}{2r}$.
The magnetic flux through the coil is $\Phi_B = B \cdot A = \left( \frac{\mu_0 N I}{2r} \right) (\pi r^2) = \frac{\mu_0 N I \pi r}{2}$.
Thus,$L = \frac{N}{I} \left( \frac{\mu_0 N I \pi r}{2} \right) = \frac{\mu_0 \pi r}{2} N^2$.
This shows that $L \propto N^2$.
Therefore,$\frac{L_2}{L_1} = \left( \frac{N_2}{N_1} \right)^2$.
Given $L_1 = 108 \ mH$,$N_1 = 600$,and $N_2 = 500$:
$L_2 = L_1 \left( \frac{N_2}{N_1} \right)^2 = 108 \times \left( \frac{500}{600} \right)^2 = 108 \times \left( \frac{5}{6} \right)^2 = 108 \times \frac{25}{36} = 3 \times 25 = 75 \ mH$.

(B) According to Faraday's law of induction, the induced electromotive force $(EMF)$ is given by $\varepsilon = -L \frac{di}{dt}$.
Since the current $i$ is increasing at a constant rate, $\frac{di}{dt} = \text{constant}$.
Therefore, the induced $EMF$ $\varepsilon$ is constant, which implies that the induced current $I_{\text{ind}} = \frac{\varepsilon}{R}$ is also constant.
According to Lenz's law, the induced current always opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced it.
Since the original current $i$ is increasing, the induced current will flow in a direction opposite to the original current $i$ to oppose this increase.

(A) Given: Number of turns $N = 70$,radius $r = 10 \,cm = 0.1 \,m$,magnetic field $B = 2 \times 10^{-3} \,T$,current $I = 2.2 \,A$.
Since the magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the coil,the angle between the area vector and the magnetic field is $\theta = 0^{\circ}$.
The magnetic flux linked with the coil is $\phi = N B A \cos \theta$.
Substituting the values: $\phi = 70 \times (2 \times 10^{-3}) \times (\pi \times (0.1)^2) \times \cos 0^{\circ}$.
$\phi = 140 \times 10^{-3} \times \pi \times 0.01 = 1.4 \pi \times 10^{-3} \,Wb$.
Using $\pi \approx 3.14$,$\phi = 1.4 \times 3.14 \times 10^{-3} \approx 4.4 \times 10^{-3} \,Wb$.
For the net flux to vanish,the flux due to the current in the coil must equal the external flux: $\phi = L I$.
$L = \frac{\phi}{I} = \frac{4.4 \times 10^{-3}}{2.2} = 2 \times 10^{-3} \,H = 2 \,mH$.

(A) The solenoid is connected to a $DC$ source with a constant $emf$ $(V)$.
The current in the solenoid is given by $I = V/R$,where $R$ is the resistance of the solenoid wire.
When the iron core is pulled out,the self-inductance $(L)$ of the solenoid changes,but the resistance $(R)$ of the wire remains constant.
Since the $DC$ source provides a constant $emf$ and the resistance of the circuit does not change,the steady-state current $I$ remains unchanged.
Therefore,the current will remain the same.

(A) The induced emf $(e)$ in a coil due to self-inductance $(L)$ is given by the formula: $e = -L \frac{di}{dt}$.
Given values are:
Induced emf,$e = 2.8 \ mV = 2.8 \times 10^{-3} \ V$.
Change in current,$di = 8 \ A - 3 \ A = 5 \ A$.
Time interval,$dt = 0.2 \ s$.
Substituting these values into the formula (ignoring the negative sign as we are calculating the magnitude of inductance):
$2.8 \times 10^{-3} = L \times \frac{5}{0.2}$.
$2.8 \times 10^{-3} = L \times 25$.
$L = \frac{2.8 \times 10^{-3}}{25}$.
$L = 0.112 \times 10^{-3} \ H$.
$L = 112 \times 10^{-6} \ H = 112 \ \mu H$.
Therefore,the self-inductance of the loop is $112 \ \mu H$.

(D) The self-inductance $L$ of a solenoid is given by the formula:
$L = \frac{\mu N^2 A}{l}$
Where:
$N$ is the number of turns,
$A$ is the cross-sectional area (which depends on the size and shape),
$l$ is the length of the coil,
$\mu$ is the permeability of the core material.
Thus,the self-inductance depends on the number of turns,the size (area and length),and the shape of the coil.

(B) The self-induced emf $(E)$ in a coil is given by the formula:
$E = L \left| \frac{dI}{dt} \right|$
Given:
$E = 200 \,V$
Change in current, $\Delta I = 10 \,A - 0 \,A = 10 \,A$
Time interval, $\Delta t = 1.5 \,s$
Rate of change of current, $\frac{dI}{dt} = \frac{10 \,A}{1.5 \,s} = \frac{10}{1.5} \,A/s$
Substituting these values into the formula:
$200 = L \times \left( \frac{10}{1.5} \right)$
$L = \frac{200 \times 1.5}{10}$
$L = 20 \times 1.5 = 30 \,H$
Therefore, the self-inductance of the coil is $30 \,H$.

(B) Given: Initial current $I_1 = 6.0 \,A$,final current $I_2 = 1.0 \,A$,time interval $\Delta t = 0.2 \,s$,and average induced emf $e = 150 \,V$.
The formula for the average emf induced in an inductor is given by $e = L \frac{|\Delta I|}{\Delta t}$,where $\Delta I = I_1 - I_2$.
Substituting the given values:
$150 = L \frac{(6.0 - 1.0)}{0.2}$
$150 = L \frac{5.0}{0.2}$
$150 = L \times 25$
$L = \frac{150}{25} = 6 \,H$.
Therefore,the self-inductance of the circuit is $6 \,H$. The correct option is $B$.

(A) The magnetic field $B$ inside a toroid at a radial distance $r$ from the center is given by $B = \frac{\mu_0 n I}{2 \pi r}$.
Consider an infinitesimal rectangular strip of width $dr$ and height $h$ at a distance $r$ from the center. The area element is $dA = h \, dr$.
The magnetic flux $d\phi$ through this infinitesimal area is $d\phi = B \cdot dA = \left( \frac{\mu_0 n I}{2 \pi r} \right) (h \, dr)$.
The total magnetic flux $\phi$ through the cross-section is obtained by integrating from $r = a$ to $r = b$:
$\phi = \int_a^b \frac{\mu_0 n I h}{2 \pi r} dr = \frac{\mu_0 n I h}{2 \pi} \int_a^b \frac{1}{r} dr = \frac{\mu_0 n I h}{2 \pi} [\ln r]_a^b = \frac{\mu_0 n I h}{2 \pi} \ln \left( \frac{b}{a} \right)$.
The self-inductance $L$ is defined as $L = \frac{n \phi}{I}$.
Substituting the expression for $\phi$:
$L = \frac{n}{I} \left( \frac{\mu_0 n I h}{2 \pi} \ln \left( \frac{b}{a} \right) \right) = \frac{\mu_0 n^2 h}{2 \pi} \ln \left( \frac{b}{a} \right)$.

(D) The magnetic field inside a long solenoid is given by $B = \mu_0 n i$,where $n$ is the number of turns per unit length and $i$ is the current.
The magnetic flux $\phi$ through each turn of the solenoid is $\phi = B A = (\mu_0 n i)(\pi R^2)$.
For a solenoid of length $l$,the total number of turns $N$ is $N = n l$.
The total magnetic flux linkage is $N \phi = (n l)(\mu_0 n i \pi R^2) = \mu_0 n^2 i \pi R^2 l$.
The self-inductance $L$ is defined as $L = \frac{N \phi}{i} = \frac{\mu_0 n^2 i \pi R^2 l}{i} = \mu_0 n^2 \pi R^2 l$.
Therefore,the self-inductance per unit length is $\frac{L}{l} = \mu_0 n^2 \pi R^2$.

(B) The induced $emf$ $(e)$ in a coil is given by the formula $e = -L \frac{dI}{dt}$.
For the $emf$ to be zero,the rate of change of current $\frac{dI}{dt}$ must be zero.
Given $I = t^2 e^{-t}$.
Using the product rule for differentiation: $\frac{dI}{dt} = \frac{d}{dt}(t^2) \cdot e^{-t} + t^2 \cdot \frac{d}{dt}(e^{-t})$.
$\frac{dI}{dt} = 2t e^{-t} + t^2 (-e^{-t}) = e^{-t} (2t - t^2) = e^{-t} t(2 - t)$.
Setting $\frac{dI}{dt} = 0$,we get $e^{-t} t(2 - t) = 0$.
Since $e^{-t} \neq 0$ for finite $t$,the solutions are $t = 0$ or $t = 2 \ s$.
At $t = 0$,the current is zero,but the $emf$ becomes zero at $t = 2 \ s$ as the current reaches its maximum value.

(C) The self-inductance $L$ of a coil is a property that depends solely on its physical geometry,such as the number of turns $N$,the cross-sectional area,the length of the coil,and the magnetic permeability of the core material.
It does not depend on the magnitude of the current $I$ flowing through the coil.
Therefore,if the current is doubled,the self-inductance remains unchanged.
Thus,the new self-inductance is $L$.

(C) The self-inductance $L$ of a solenoid is given by $L = \mu_0 n^2 A l$,where $n$ is the number of turns per unit length,$A$ is the cross-sectional area,and $l$ is the length of the solenoid.
Given: $n = 10\text{ turns/cm} = 1000\text{ turns/m}$,$A = 5\text{ cm}^2 = 5 \times 10^{-4}\text{ m}^2$,$l = 30\text{ cm} = 0.3\text{ m}$.
$L = (4\pi \times 10^{-7} \text{ T m/A}) \times (1000 \text{ m}^{-1})^2 \times (5 \times 10^{-4} \text{ m}^2) \times (0.3 \text{ m})$.
$L = 4\pi \times 10^{-7} \times 10^6 \times 5 \times 10^{-4} \times 0.3 = 0.6\pi \times 10^{-3} \text{ H}$.
The induced e.m.f. $\epsilon$ is given by $\epsilon = L \frac{di}{dt}$.
Here,$\frac{di}{dt} = \frac{4\text{ A} - 2\text{ A}}{3.14\text{ s}} = \frac{2}{3.14} \text{ A/s}$.
$\epsilon = (0.6\pi \times 10^{-3}) \times \frac{2}{3.14}$.
Since $\pi \approx 3.14$,we have $\epsilon = 0.6 \times 3.14 \times 10^{-3} \times \frac{2}{3.14} = 1.2 \times 10^{-3} \text{ V}$.
$\epsilon = 120 \times 10^{-5} \text{ V}$.
Comparing this with $\alpha \times 10^{-5} \text{ V}$,we get $\alpha = 120$.