ChemistryQ101–113 of 156 questions
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101
ChemistryMCQAIPMT · 2011
What is common between vegetative reproduction and apomixis?
A
Both occur round the year
B
Both produce progeny identical to the parent
C
Both are applicable to only dicot plants
D
Both bypass the flowering plant
Solution
(B) Vegetative reproduction is a form of asexual reproduction in plants where new individuals develop from vegetative parts like roots,stems,or leaves.
Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction but does not involve the fusion of gametes (fertilization) or meiosis.
Both processes result in the production of offspring that are genetically identical to the parent plant,as they do not involve the recombination of genetic material through sexual reproduction.
Therefore,both vegetative reproduction and apomixis produce progeny identical to the parent.
Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction but does not involve the fusion of gametes (fertilization) or meiosis.
Both processes result in the production of offspring that are genetically identical to the parent plant,as they do not involve the recombination of genetic material through sexual reproduction.
Therefore,both vegetative reproduction and apomixis produce progeny identical to the parent.
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102
ChemistryMCQAIPMT · 2011
Nucellar polyembryony is reported in species of
A
Gossypium
B
Triticum
C
Brassica
D
Citrus
Solution
(D) The occurrence of more than one embryo in a seed is referred to as polyembryony.
In many $Citrus$ and mango varieties,some of the nucellar cells surrounding the embryo sac start dividing,protrude into the embryo sac,and develop into embryos.
In such species,each ovule contains many embryos,which is known as nucellar polyembryony.
In many $Citrus$ and mango varieties,some of the nucellar cells surrounding the embryo sac start dividing,protrude into the embryo sac,and develop into embryos.
In such species,each ovule contains many embryos,which is known as nucellar polyembryony.
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103
ChemistryMCQAIPMT · 2011
Filiform apparatus is a characteristic feature of
A
Egg
B
Synergid
C
Zygote
D
Suspensor
Solution
(B) Filiform apparatus is a finger-like projection of the cell wall and plasma membrane of the synergids (helper cells) located at the micropylar end of the ovule.
It plays a crucial role in guiding the pollen tube into the synergid by secreting chemical substances (chemotropism).
Therefore,it is a characteristic feature of synergids.
It plays a crucial role in guiding the pollen tube into the synergid by secreting chemical substances (chemotropism).
Therefore,it is a characteristic feature of synergids.
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104
ChemistryMCQAIPMT · 2011
The testes in humans are situated outside the abdominal cavity inside a pouch called scrotum. The purpose served is for
A
Escaping any possible compression by the visceral organs
B
Providing more space for the growth of epididymis
C
Providing a secondary sexual feature for exhibiting the male sex
D
Maintaining the scrotal temperature lower than the internal body temperature
Solution
(D) The testes in humans are situated outside the abdominal cavity in scrotal sacs. This is because the process of spermatogenesis (formation of sperm) requires a temperature that is $2-2.5^{\circ}C$ lower than the normal internal body temperature. The scrotum helps in maintaining this low temperature,which is essential for the viability and proper development of sperm.
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105
ChemistryMCQAIPMT · 2011
Which one of the following is the most widely accepted method of contraception in India,at present?
A
Tubectomy
B
Diaphragm
C
$IUDs$ (Intra Uterine Devices)
D
Cervical caps
Solution
(C) At present,the most widely accepted method of contraception in India is $IUDs$ (Intra Uterine Devices).
These devices are highly effective and popular among women.
These devices are inserted by doctors or expert nurses into the uterus through the vagina.
These devices are highly effective and popular among women.
These devices are inserted by doctors or expert nurses into the uterus through the vagina.
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106
ChemistryMCQAIPMT · 2011
Which one of the following is the most widely accepted method of contraception in India,as at present?
A
Cervical caps
B
Tubectomy
C
IUDs
D
Diaphragms
Solution
(C) In India,Intrauterine Devices $(IUDs)$,specifically the Copper-$T$ $(CuT)$,are considered the most widely accepted and effective method of contraception for spacing births.
$IUDs$ are highly recommended by medical professionals and are widely available in government health centers and hospitals across the country.
While sterilization methods like Tubectomy are permanent,$IUDs$ offer a reversible and long-acting contraceptive option,making them the preferred choice for many couples.
$IUDs$ are highly recommended by medical professionals and are widely available in government health centers and hospitals across the country.
While sterilization methods like Tubectomy are permanent,$IUDs$ offer a reversible and long-acting contraceptive option,making them the preferred choice for many couples.
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107
ChemistryMCQAIPMT · 2011
'Himgiri' developed by hybridization and selection for disease resistance against rust pathogens is a variety of
A
Maize
B
Sugarcane
C
Wheat
D
Chilli
Solution
(C) 'Himgiri' is a variety of wheat that was developed through hybridization and selection. It is specifically known for its resistance to diseases such as leaf and stripe rust,and hill bunt.
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108
ChemistryMCQAIPMT · 2011
Secondary sewage treatment is mainly a
A
Chemical process
B
Physical process
C
Mechanical process
D
Biological process
Solution
(D) Secondary sewage treatment,also known as biological treatment,involves the use of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms to decompose the organic matter present in the primary effluent. The primary treatment is a physical process involving filtration and sedimentation,whereas the secondary treatment relies on microbial activity to reduce the Biological Oxygen Demand $(BOD)$ of the sewage.
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109
ChemistryMCQAIPMT · 2011
Which one of the following is not a biofertilizer?
A
Rhizobium
B
Nostoc
C
Mycorrhiza
D
Agrobacterium
Solution
(D) Biofertilizers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil. $Rhizobium$,$Nostoc$,and $Mycorrhiza$ are well-known biofertilizers.
$Rhizobium$ fixes atmospheric nitrogen in leguminous plants.
$Nostoc$ is a cyanobacterium that fixes nitrogen.
$Mycorrhiza$ is a symbiotic association between fungi and roots of higher plants that helps in phosphorus absorption.
$Agrobacterium$ is a Gram-negative bacterium known for its ability to transfer $DNA$ into plants,causing crown-gall disease. It is primarily used as a vector in genetic engineering,not as a biofertilizer.
$Rhizobium$ fixes atmospheric nitrogen in leguminous plants.
$Nostoc$ is a cyanobacterium that fixes nitrogen.
$Mycorrhiza$ is a symbiotic association between fungi and roots of higher plants that helps in phosphorus absorption.
$Agrobacterium$ is a Gram-negative bacterium known for its ability to transfer $DNA$ into plants,causing crown-gall disease. It is primarily used as a vector in genetic engineering,not as a biofertilizer.
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110
ChemistryMCQAIPMT · 2011
Mass of living matter at a trophic level in an area at any time is called
A
Detritus
B
Humus
C
Standing state
D
Standing crop
Solution
(D) The amount of living matter present in an ecosystem at each trophic level at a given time is called the standing crop.
It is measured as the mass of living organisms (biomass) or the number of organisms in a unit area.
Biomass is typically measured as either fresh weight or dry weight,with dry weight being more accurate.
It is measured as the mass of living organisms (biomass) or the number of organisms in a unit area.
Biomass is typically measured as either fresh weight or dry weight,with dry weight being more accurate.
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111
ChemistryMCQAIPMT · 2011
Secondary sewage treatment is mainly a
A
Mechanical process
B
Chemical process
C
Biological process
D
Physical process
Solution
(C) Secondary sewage treatment is primarily a biological process.
In this stage,the primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks where it is constantly agitated mechanically and air is pumped into it.
This allows vigorous growth of useful aerobic microbes into flocs (masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments to form mesh-like structures).
While growing,these microbes consume the major part of the organic matter in the effluent,significantly reducing the Biochemical Oxygen Demand $(BOD)$ of the sewage.
In this stage,the primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks where it is constantly agitated mechanically and air is pumped into it.
This allows vigorous growth of useful aerobic microbes into flocs (masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments to form mesh-like structures).
While growing,these microbes consume the major part of the organic matter in the effluent,significantly reducing the Biochemical Oxygen Demand $(BOD)$ of the sewage.
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112
ChemistryMCQAIPMT · 2011
Which one of the following pairs of gases are the major cause of 'Greenhouse effect'?
A
$CO_2$ and $CO$
B
$CFCs$ and $SO_2$
C
$CO_2$ and $N_2O$
D
$CO_2$ and $O_3$
Solution
(C) The phenomenon of keeping the Earth warm due to the presence of certain gases in the atmosphere is called the greenhouse effect (Fourier,$1827$).
This name is derived from the similar warmer interior in glass-enclosed greenhouses,where glass panes,$CO_2$,and water vapour allow solar radiation to enter but prevent the escape of long-wave heat radiation.
$CO_2$ and $N_2O$ are the major causes of the greenhouse effect.
$CO_2$ contributes $60\%$ of total global warming,while $N_2O$ contributes $6\%$ to the greenhouse effect.
This name is derived from the similar warmer interior in glass-enclosed greenhouses,where glass panes,$CO_2$,and water vapour allow solar radiation to enter but prevent the escape of long-wave heat radiation.
$CO_2$ and $N_2O$ are the major causes of the greenhouse effect.
$CO_2$ contributes $60\%$ of total global warming,while $N_2O$ contributes $6\%$ to the greenhouse effect.
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113
ChemistryMCQAIPMT · 2011
$A$ Zener diode,having a breakdown voltage equal to $15\ V$,is used in a voltage regulator circuit as shown in the figure. The current through the Zener diode is $.....\ mA$.
A
$5$
B
$10$
C
$15$
D
$20$
Solution
(A) The total current $I$ supplied by the source is given by the voltage drop across the series resistor $R_S = 250\ \Omega$.
$I = \frac{E - V_Z}{R_S} = \frac{20\ V - 15\ V}{250\ \Omega} = \frac{5\ V}{250\ \Omega} = 0.02\ A = 20\ mA$.
The load current $I_L$ flowing through the load resistor $R_L = 1\ k\Omega = 1000\ \Omega$ is determined by the Zener voltage $V_Z = 15\ V$.
$I_L = \frac{V_Z}{R_L} = \frac{15\ V}{1000\ \Omega} = 0.015\ A = 15\ mA$.
Applying Kirchhoff's Current Law at the node,the current through the Zener diode $I_Z$ is:
$I_Z = I - I_L = 20\ mA - 15\ mA = 5\ mA$.
$I = \frac{E - V_Z}{R_S} = \frac{20\ V - 15\ V}{250\ \Omega} = \frac{5\ V}{250\ \Omega} = 0.02\ A = 20\ mA$.
The load current $I_L$ flowing through the load resistor $R_L = 1\ k\Omega = 1000\ \Omega$ is determined by the Zener voltage $V_Z = 15\ V$.
$I_L = \frac{V_Z}{R_L} = \frac{15\ V}{1000\ \Omega} = 0.015\ A = 15\ mA$.
Applying Kirchhoff's Current Law at the node,the current through the Zener diode $I_Z$ is:
$I_Z = I - I_L = 20\ mA - 15\ mA = 5\ mA$.
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