BiologyQ51–57 of 104 questions
Page 2 of 2 · English
51
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2008
In flowering plants,the vascular tissue originates from which of the following?
A
Dermatogen
B
Plerome
C
Periblem
D
Protoderm
Solution
(B) According to the Histogen theory proposed by Hanstein,the shoot apex is divided into three distinct zones or histogens:
$1$. $Dermatogen$: The outermost layer which gives rise to the epidermis.
$2$. $Periblem$: The middle layer which gives rise to the cortex and endodermis.
$3$. $Plerome$: The central core which gives rise to the vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) and the pith.
Therefore,the vascular tissue originates from the $Plerome$.
$1$. $Dermatogen$: The outermost layer which gives rise to the epidermis.
$2$. $Periblem$: The middle layer which gives rise to the cortex and endodermis.
$3$. $Plerome$: The central core which gives rise to the vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) and the pith.
Therefore,the vascular tissue originates from the $Plerome$.
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52
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2008
In an adult human female,oxytocin . . . . . . .
A
is secreted by the anterior pituitary.
B
stimulates the growth of mammary glands.
C
stimulates the pituitary to secrete vasopressin.
D
causes strong uterine contractions during parturition.
Solution
(D) Oxytocin is a hormone synthesized by the hypothalamus and stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis).
It acts on the smooth muscles of the uterus and stimulates their vigorous contraction during childbirth (parturition).
It also acts on the mammary glands to stimulate the ejection of milk (milk-ejection reflex).
Therefore,the correct statement is that it causes strong uterine contractions during parturition.
It acts on the smooth muscles of the uterus and stimulates their vigorous contraction during childbirth (parturition).
It also acts on the mammary glands to stimulate the ejection of milk (milk-ejection reflex).
Therefore,the correct statement is that it causes strong uterine contractions during parturition.
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53
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2008
Which of the following is a competitive inhibitor of succinic dehydrogenase?
A
Malonate
B
Oxaloacetate
C
$\alpha$-Ketoglutarate
D
Malate
Solution
(A) Succinic dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate in the Krebs cycle.
Malonate is a structural analog of succinate.
Because of its structural similarity,malonate binds to the active site of the succinic dehydrogenase enzyme,thereby preventing the binding of the actual substrate,succinate.
This process is known as competitive inhibition.
Malonate is a structural analog of succinate.
Because of its structural similarity,malonate binds to the active site of the succinic dehydrogenase enzyme,thereby preventing the binding of the actual substrate,succinate.
This process is known as competitive inhibition.
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54
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2008
Carbohydrates are commonly stored as starch in plant storage organs. Which of the following five properties $(A-E)$ make starch useful as a storage material?
$(a)$ Easily translocated
$(b)$ Chemically non-reactive
$(c)$ Easily digested by animals
$(d)$ Osmotically inactive
$(e)$ Synthesized during photosynthesis
Useful properties:
$(a)$ Easily translocated
$(b)$ Chemically non-reactive
$(c)$ Easily digested by animals
$(d)$ Osmotically inactive
$(e)$ Synthesized during photosynthesis
Useful properties:
A
$b$ and $c$
B
$b$ and $d$
C
$a, c$ and $e$
D
$a$ and $e$
Solution
(B) Starch is an ideal storage polysaccharide in plants due to the following reasons:
$1$. It is chemically non-reactive,which prevents it from interfering with the metabolic processes of the cell.
$2$. It is osmotically inactive because it is a large,insoluble molecule. This prevents it from affecting the water potential of the cell,unlike simple sugars like glucose.
Therefore,properties $(b)$ and $(d)$ make starch an efficient storage material.
$1$. It is chemically non-reactive,which prevents it from interfering with the metabolic processes of the cell.
$2$. It is osmotically inactive because it is a large,insoluble molecule. This prevents it from affecting the water potential of the cell,unlike simple sugars like glucose.
Therefore,properties $(b)$ and $(d)$ make starch an efficient storage material.
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55
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2008
What is the Vital Capacity $(VC)$ of our lungs?
A
Inspiratory Reserve Volume $(IRV) +$ Tidal Volume $(TV)$
B
Total Lung Capacity $(TLC) -$ Expiratory Reserve Volume $(ERV)$
C
Inspiratory Reserve Volume $(IRV) +$ Expiratory Reserve Volume $(ERV)$
D
Total Lung Capacity $(TLC) -$ Residual Volume $(RV)$
Solution
(D) Vital Capacity $(VC)$ is defined as the maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration.
It includes the Expiratory Reserve Volume $(ERV)$,Tidal Volume $(TV)$,and Inspiratory Reserve Volume $(IRV)$.
Mathematically,$VC = ERV + TV + IRV$.
Since Total Lung Capacity $(TLC)$ is the sum of all lung volumes including Residual Volume $(RV)$,i.e.,$TLC = IRV + TV + ERV + RV$,we can derive that $VC = TLC - RV$.
It includes the Expiratory Reserve Volume $(ERV)$,Tidal Volume $(TV)$,and Inspiratory Reserve Volume $(IRV)$.
Mathematically,$VC = ERV + TV + IRV$.
Since Total Lung Capacity $(TLC)$ is the sum of all lung volumes including Residual Volume $(RV)$,i.e.,$TLC = IRV + TV + ERV + RV$,we can derive that $VC = TLC - RV$.
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56
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2008
Human fetal hemoglobin has:
A
a higher affinity for oxygen than adult hemoglobin.
B
the same $O_2$ affinity as adult hemoglobin.
C
only $2$ protein subunits instead of $4$.
D
a lower affinity for oxygen than adult hemoglobin.
Solution
(A) Fetal hemoglobin $(HbF)$ consists of two alpha and two gamma polypeptide chains,whereas adult hemoglobin $(HbA)$ consists of two alpha and two beta chains.
Due to its structural differences,$HbF$ has a higher affinity for oxygen compared to adult hemoglobin $(HbA)$.
This higher affinity allows the fetus to effectively extract oxygen from the mother's blood across the placenta,ensuring adequate oxygen supply for fetal development.
Due to its structural differences,$HbF$ has a higher affinity for oxygen compared to adult hemoglobin $(HbA)$.
This higher affinity allows the fetus to effectively extract oxygen from the mother's blood across the placenta,ensuring adequate oxygen supply for fetal development.
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57
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2008
Electrons from excited chlorophyll molecules of photosystem $II$ are accepted first by
A
ferredoxin
B
phaeophytin
C
cytochrome $b$
D
cytochrome $f$
Solution
(B) The correct answer is $B$.
Electrons from excited chlorophyll molecules of photosystem $II$ ($PS$ $II$) are first accepted by phaeophytin.
Phaeophytin acts as the primary electron acceptor in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
After receiving the electrons,phaeophytin transfers them to the plastoquinone $(PQ)$ pool,which then initiates the electron transport chain.
Electrons from excited chlorophyll molecules of photosystem $II$ ($PS$ $II$) are first accepted by phaeophytin.
Phaeophytin acts as the primary electron acceptor in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
After receiving the electrons,phaeophytin transfers them to the plastoquinone $(PQ)$ pool,which then initiates the electron transport chain.
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