BiologyQ101–107 of 196 questions
Page 3 of 3 · English
101
BiologyMediumMCQNEET · 2013
Ribosomal $RNA$ is actively synthesized in the .......... .
A
Lysosomes
B
Nucleolus
C
Nucleoplasm
D
Ribosome
Solution
(B) The nucleolus is a non-membrane-bound structure present within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
It is the primary site for the active synthesis of ribosomal $RNA$ $(rRNA)$.
After synthesis,these $rRNA$ molecules are assembled with ribosomal proteins to form ribosomal subunits,which are then exported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis.
It is the primary site for the active synthesis of ribosomal $RNA$ $(rRNA)$.
After synthesis,these $rRNA$ molecules are assembled with ribosomal proteins to form ribosomal subunits,which are then exported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis.
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102
BiologyDifficultMCQNEET · 2013
The given figure shows the human excretory system with parts labeled $A$ to $D$. Select the option that correctly identifies these parts and describes their characteristics or functions.
A
$D$ - Cortex - It is the outer part of the kidney and does not contain any parts of the nephrons.
B
$A$ - Adrenal gland - Located at the anterior part of the kidney,it secretes catecholamines which stimulate glycogen breakdown.
C
$B$ - Renal pelvis - $A$ broad,funnel-shaped space inside the hilum,directly connected to the loop of Henle.
D
$C$ - Medulla - The inner part of the kidney that contains the entire nephron structure.
Solution
(B) In the given diagram of the human excretory system:
$A$ represents the Adrenal gland,which is located at the anterior part of the kidney. It secretes hormones like catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that stimulate glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis) to increase blood glucose levels.
$B$ represents the Renal pelvis,which is a broad,funnel-shaped space inside the hilum.
$C$ represents the Medulla,which consists of renal pyramids.
$D$ represents the Cortex,which is the outer layer of the kidney.
Therefore,option $B$ is the correct description.
$A$ represents the Adrenal gland,which is located at the anterior part of the kidney. It secretes hormones like catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that stimulate glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis) to increase blood glucose levels.
$B$ represents the Renal pelvis,which is a broad,funnel-shaped space inside the hilum.
$C$ represents the Medulla,which consists of renal pyramids.
$D$ represents the Cortex,which is the outer layer of the kidney.
Therefore,option $B$ is the correct description.
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103
BiologyEasyMCQNEET · 2013
The macromolecule chitin is a $-$
A
Simple polysaccharide
B
Nitrogen-containing polysaccharide
C
Phosphorus-containing polysaccharide
D
Sulfur-containing polysaccharide
Solution
(B) Chitin is a complex structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi.
Chemically,it is a polymer of $N$-acetylglucosamine,which is a derivative of glucose.
Because it contains an amino group (specifically an acetylated amino group) in its monomeric units,it is classified as a nitrogen-containing polysaccharide.
Chemically,it is a polymer of $N$-acetylglucosamine,which is a derivative of glucose.
Because it contains an amino group (specifically an acetylated amino group) in its monomeric units,it is classified as a nitrogen-containing polysaccharide.
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104
BiologyMediumMCQNEET · 2013
During an enzymatic reaction,the nature of the transition state of the substrate is -
A
Permanent and stable
B
Transient but stable
C
Permanent but unstable
D
Transient and unstable
Solution
(D) In an enzymatic reaction,the substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme to form an enzyme-substrate complex.
This complex then undergoes a chemical transformation to form a transition state.
The transition state is a high-energy,short-lived (transient),and unstable intermediate structure that exists between the substrate and the product.
Because of its high energy and instability,it rapidly converts into the final product.
This complex then undergoes a chemical transformation to form a transition state.
The transition state is a high-energy,short-lived (transient),and unstable intermediate structure that exists between the substrate and the product.
Because of its high energy and instability,it rapidly converts into the final product.
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105
BiologyMediumMCQNEET · 2013
Meiosis occurs in -
A
Megaspore
B
Meiocyte
C
Microspore
D
Gemmule
Solution
(B) Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half,resulting in the production of haploid daughter cells.
In sexually reproducing organisms,meiosis occurs in specialized diploid cells known as $Meiocytes$.
$Meiocytes$ are the cells that undergo meiosis to produce gametes.
Megaspores and microspores are the products of meiosis,not the sites where it occurs.
Gemmules are asexual reproductive units found in sponges and do not undergo meiosis.
In sexually reproducing organisms,meiosis occurs in specialized diploid cells known as $Meiocytes$.
$Meiocytes$ are the cells that undergo meiosis to produce gametes.
Megaspores and microspores are the products of meiosis,not the sites where it occurs.
Gemmules are asexual reproductive units found in sponges and do not undergo meiosis.
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106
BiologyMediumMCQNEET · 2013
Which of the metabolites is common to respiration mediated breakdown of fats,carbohydrates and proteins?
A
Fructose $1, 6$-bisphosphate
B
Pyruvic acid
C
Acetyl $CoA$
D
Glucose-$6$-phosphate
Solution
(C) Acetyl $CoA$ is the common metabolite in the respiratory breakdown of fats,carbohydrates,and proteins.
Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol; fatty acids are then degraded into Acetyl $CoA$.
Proteins are first degraded by proteases into individual amino acids,which are deaminated to form pyruvic acid or other intermediates,and eventually converted into Acetyl $CoA$ to enter the Krebs cycle.
Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol; fatty acids are then degraded into Acetyl $CoA$.
Proteins are first degraded by proteases into individual amino acids,which are deaminated to form pyruvic acid or other intermediates,and eventually converted into Acetyl $CoA$ to enter the Krebs cycle.
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107
BiologyMediumMCQNEET · 2013
$A$ healthy person eats the following diet: $5 \, gm$ raw sugar,$4 \, gm$ albumin,$10 \, gm$ pure buffalo ghee adulterated with $2 \, gm$ vegetable ghee (hydrogenated vegetable oil),and $5 \, gm$ lignin. How many calories is he likely to get?
A
$144$
B
$126$
C
$164$
D
$112$
Solution
(A) The physiological calorific value of carbohydrates is $4.0 \, kcal/g$,proteins is $4.0 \, kcal/g$,and fats is $9.0 \, kcal/g$. Lignin is a dietary fiber that cannot be digested by humans,so it provides $0 \, kcal$.
$1$. Raw sugar (carbohydrate): $5 \, g \times 4.0 \, kcal/g = 20.0 \, kcal$.
$2$. Albumin (protein): $4 \, g \times 4.0 \, kcal/g = 16.0 \, kcal$.
$3$. Total fat (pure ghee + vegetable ghee): $10 \, g + 2 \, g = 12 \, g$. Energy from fat: $12 \, g \times 9.0 \, kcal/g = 108.0 \, kcal$.
$4$. Lignin: $5 \, g \times 0 \, kcal/g = 0 \, kcal$.
Total energy = $20.0 + 16.0 + 108.0 + 0 = 144 \, kcal$.
$1$. Raw sugar (carbohydrate): $5 \, g \times 4.0 \, kcal/g = 20.0 \, kcal$.
$2$. Albumin (protein): $4 \, g \times 4.0 \, kcal/g = 16.0 \, kcal$.
$3$. Total fat (pure ghee + vegetable ghee): $10 \, g + 2 \, g = 12 \, g$. Energy from fat: $12 \, g \times 9.0 \, kcal/g = 108.0 \, kcal$.
$4$. Lignin: $5 \, g \times 0 \, kcal/g = 0 \, kcal$.
Total energy = $20.0 + 16.0 + 108.0 + 0 = 144 \, kcal$.
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