BiologyQ51–82 of 132 questions
Page 2 of 2 · English
51
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2003
In bacterial cells,the number of chromosomes ranges from $1-3$ and they are:
A
Either circular or linear,but never both in the same cell.
B
Both circular and linear in the same cell.
C
Always circular.
D
Always linear.
Solution
(C) Bacterial chromosomes are typically circular $DNA$ molecules. While the vast majority of bacteria possess a single circular chromosome,some species may contain $1-3$ chromosomes. These chromosomes are consistently circular in structure and are not linear. Therefore,the correct description is that they are always circular.
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52
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2003
The major part of the dry weight of plants is made up of ............ .
A
Carbon,Nitrogen,Hydrogen
B
Carbon,Hydrogen,Oxygen
C
Nitrogen,Phosphorus,Potassium
D
Calcium,Magnesium,Sulfur
Solution
(B) The dry weight of a plant is the weight of the plant after all the water has been removed.
Plants obtain carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen primarily from the atmosphere $(CO_2)$ and water $(H_2O)$.
These three elements constitute the vast majority of the organic biomass of the plant,forming the structural components like cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin.
Therefore,carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen make up the major part of the dry weight of plants.
Plants obtain carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen primarily from the atmosphere $(CO_2)$ and water $(H_2O)$.
These three elements constitute the vast majority of the organic biomass of the plant,forming the structural components like cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin.
Therefore,carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen make up the major part of the dry weight of plants.
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53
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2003
The stomata of $CAM$ plants are .........
A
never open.
B
always open.
C
open during the day and closed at night.
D
open at night and closed during the day.
Solution
(D) $CAM$ stands for $\text{Crassulacean Acid Metabolism}$.
$CAM$ plants are adapted to arid environments where water conservation is critical.
To minimize water loss through transpiration, these plants keep their stomata closed during the hot, dry day.
They open their stomata at night to take in $CO_2$, which is then fixed into organic acids and stored for use in photosynthesis during the following day.
$CAM$ plants are adapted to arid environments where water conservation is critical.
To minimize water loss through transpiration, these plants keep their stomata closed during the hot, dry day.
They open their stomata at night to take in $CO_2$, which is then fixed into organic acids and stored for use in photosynthesis during the following day.
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54
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2003
Stomata in plants open due to the ............ .
A
influx of $H^+$ ions
B
influx of $Ca^{2+}$ ions
C
influx of $K^+$ ions
D
efflux of $K^+$ ions
Solution
(C) According to the $K^+$ ion pump theory (Levitt,$1974$),the opening and closing of stomata are regulated by the movement of potassium ions $(K^+)$ in and out of the guard cells.
When stomata open,$K^+$ ions move from the surrounding subsidiary cells into the guard cells (influx).
This influx of $K^+$ ions increases the solute concentration inside the guard cells,leading to a decrease in water potential.
Consequently,water enters the guard cells from the surrounding cells via osmosis,causing them to become turgid and resulting in the opening of the stomatal pore.
When stomata open,$K^+$ ions move from the surrounding subsidiary cells into the guard cells (influx).
This influx of $K^+$ ions increases the solute concentration inside the guard cells,leading to a decrease in water potential.
Consequently,water enters the guard cells from the surrounding cells via osmosis,causing them to become turgid and resulting in the opening of the stomatal pore.
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55
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2003
The major part of the dry weight of plants is composed of ......... .
A
Carbon,hydrogen and oxygen
B
Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium
C
Calcium,magnesium and sulphur
D
Carbon,nitrogen and hydrogen
Solution
(A) The dry weight of plants is primarily composed of organic compounds such as carbohydrates,proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids.
These organic molecules are essentially built from carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen atoms.
Carbon is obtained from atmospheric $CO_2$,while hydrogen and oxygen are derived from water $(H_2O)$.
Therefore,carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen constitute the major portion of the dry matter in plants.
These organic molecules are essentially built from carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen atoms.
Carbon is obtained from atmospheric $CO_2$,while hydrogen and oxygen are derived from water $(H_2O)$.
Therefore,carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen constitute the major portion of the dry matter in plants.
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56
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2003
Grey spots of oat are caused by the deficiency of which element?
A
$Fe$
B
$Cu$
C
$Zn$
D
$Mn$
Solution
(D) The grey spot disease of oats is a well-known physiological disorder caused by the deficiency of Manganese $(Mn)$.
This element is essential for the activation of various enzymes involved in photosynthesis,respiration,and nitrogen metabolism.
When $Mn$ is deficient,the leaves develop characteristic greyish-brown spots,which eventually lead to the necrosis of leaf tissue.
This element is essential for the activation of various enzymes involved in photosynthesis,respiration,and nitrogen metabolism.
When $Mn$ is deficient,the leaves develop characteristic greyish-brown spots,which eventually lead to the necrosis of leaf tissue.
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57
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2003
In green plants,boron is required for:
A
Sugar translocation
B
Enzyme activation
C
Acting as an enzyme cofactor
D
Photosynthesis
Solution
(A) Boron is essential for the uptake and utilization of $Ca^{2+}$,membrane functioning,pollen germination,cell elongation,cell differentiation,and carbohydrate translocation.
Specifically,boron facilitates the transport of sugars (carbohydrates) across the cell membrane in the form of sugar-borate complexes.
Specifically,boron facilitates the transport of sugars (carbohydrates) across the cell membrane in the form of sugar-borate complexes.
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58
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2003
What is the primary role of micronutrients in living organisms?
A
As a structural component of the cell
B
As a cofactor for enzymes
C
For the spatial arrangement of important amino acids
D
As a structural component of hormones
Solution
(B) Micronutrients,also known as trace elements,are required in very small amounts by living organisms. Their primary biological role is to act as cofactors for various enzymes. Many enzymes require these metal ions (e.g.,$Zn^{2+}$,$Fe^{2+}$,$Mn^{2+}$,$Mo$) to function correctly,facilitating biochemical reactions within the cell. Therefore,they are essential for metabolic processes.
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59
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2003
Which element is present at the center of the porphyrin ring of chlorophyll?
A
Manganese
B
Calcium
C
Magnesium
D
Potassium
Solution
(C) The chlorophyll molecule consists of a porphyrin head and a phytol tail.
The porphyrin head is a tetrapyrrole ring structure.
At the center of this porphyrin ring,a single $Mg^{2+}$ (magnesium) ion is coordinated.
This magnesium ion is essential for the light-harvesting function of chlorophyll.
The porphyrin head is a tetrapyrrole ring structure.
At the center of this porphyrin ring,a single $Mg^{2+}$ (magnesium) ion is coordinated.
This magnesium ion is essential for the light-harvesting function of chlorophyll.
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60
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2003
Which of the following statements regarding photorespiration is incorrect?
A
It is a characteristic of $C_3$ plants.
B
It occurs in the chloroplast.
C
It occurs only during the daytime.
D
It is a characteristic of $C_4$ plants.
Solution
(D) Photorespiration is a wasteful process that occurs in $C_3$ plants because the enzyme $RuBisCO$ has an affinity for both $CO_2$ and $O_2$. In $C_3$ plants,when $O_2$ levels are high,$RuBisCO$ binds with $O_2$ instead of $CO_2$,leading to photorespiration. This process involves three organelles: chloroplasts,peroxisomes,and mitochondria. It occurs only in the presence of light (daytime). $C_4$ plants have evolved a mechanism to minimize photorespiration by concentrating $CO_2$ around the $RuBisCO$ enzyme in bundle sheath cells,thus preventing $RuBisCO$ from binding with $O_2$. Therefore,photorespiration is not a characteristic of $C_4$ plants.
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61
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2003
In sugarcane,when $14CO_2$ is fixed into malic acid,which enzyme is responsible for the fixation of $CO_2$?
A
Fructose phosphatase
B
Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase
C
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
D
Ribulose phosphate kinase
Solution
(C) Sugarcane is a $C_4$ plant. In $C_4$ plants,the primary fixation of $CO_2$ occurs in the mesophyll cells. The enzyme responsible for this initial carboxylation is $Phosphoenolpyruvate$ $(PEP)$ carboxylase. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction between $CO_2$ (or $HCO_3^-$) and $PEP$ to form oxaloacetic acid $(OAA)$,which is subsequently converted into malic acid or aspartic acid. Therefore,the correct enzyme is $PEP$ carboxylase.
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62
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2003
Which light of the visible spectrum is absorbed by carotenoids in higher plants from solar radiation?
A
Violet and blue
B
Blue and green
C
Green and red
D
Red and violet
Solution
(A) Carotenoids are accessory pigments in higher plants. They primarily absorb light in the blue and violet regions of the visible spectrum. By absorbing these wavelengths,they protect the chlorophyll molecules from photo-oxidation and transfer the absorbed energy to chlorophyll-$a$ for photosynthesis.
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63
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2003
Which of the following two names are used as synonyms for each other?
A
Tricarboxylic acid cycle and Urea cycle
B
Krebs cycle and Calvin cycle
C
Tricarboxylic acid cycle and Citric acid cycle
D
Citric acid cycle and Calvin cycle
Solution
(C) The $Tricarboxylic$ $Acid$ $(TCA)$ cycle is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-$CoA$ derived from carbohydrates,fats,and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of $ATP$. This cycle is also widely known as the $Citric$ $Acid$ cycle because citric acid is the first stable intermediate formed in the process. It is also frequently referred to as the $Krebs$ cycle in honor of $Hans$ $Krebs$,who elucidated the pathway. Therefore,the $Tricarboxylic$ $Acid$ cycle and the $Citric$ $Acid$ cycle are synonyms.
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64
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2003
Which of the following is associated with photophosphorylation?
A
$AMP +$ inorganic $PO_4$ $\rightarrow$ $ATP$ (light energy)
B
$ADP + AMP$ $\rightarrow$ $ATP$ (light energy)
C
$ADP +$ inorganic $PO_4$ $\rightarrow$ $ATP$ (light energy)
D
$ADP +$ inorganic $PO_4$ $\rightarrow$ $ATP$
Solution
(C) Photophosphorylation is the process of synthesizing $ATP$ from $ADP$ and inorganic phosphate $(Pi)$ in the presence of light energy in chloroplasts.
The chemical reaction can be represented as: $ADP + Pi \rightarrow ATP$ (in the presence of light energy).
Therefore,option $C$ correctly represents the process.
The chemical reaction can be represented as: $ADP + Pi \rightarrow ATP$ (in the presence of light energy).
Therefore,option $C$ correctly represents the process.
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65
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2003
In alcoholic fermentation,..........
A
Oxygen is the electron acceptor.
B
Triose phosphate is the electron donor,while acetaldehyde is the electron acceptor.
C
Triose phosphate is the electron donor,while pyruvic acid is the electron acceptor.
D
There is no electron donor.
Solution
(B) In alcoholic fermentation,glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid via glycolysis,producing $NADH + H^+$.
In the subsequent steps,pyruvic acid is converted into acetaldehyde,which then acts as the final electron acceptor.
Acetaldehyde accepts electrons from $NADH + H^+$ (which originated from the oxidation of triose phosphate during glycolysis) to form ethanol.
Thus,triose phosphate acts as the ultimate electron donor,and acetaldehyde acts as the electron acceptor.
In the subsequent steps,pyruvic acid is converted into acetaldehyde,which then acts as the final electron acceptor.
Acetaldehyde accepts electrons from $NADH + H^+$ (which originated from the oxidation of triose phosphate during glycolysis) to form ethanol.
Thus,triose phosphate acts as the ultimate electron donor,and acetaldehyde acts as the electron acceptor.
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66
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2003
If a plant is deficient in the element $Zinc$,which plant hormone's biosynthesis will be affected in that plant?
A
Abscisic acid
B
Auxin
C
Cytokinin
D
Ethylene
Solution
(B) $Zinc$ is an essential micronutrient required for the synthesis of $Auxin$ (specifically $Indole-3-acetic$ $acid$ or $IAA$) in plants. $Zinc$ acts as a cofactor for the enzymes involved in the tryptophan-dependent pathway of $Auxin$ biosynthesis. Therefore,a deficiency of $Zinc$ leads to a reduction in the production of $Auxin$,which subsequently affects plant growth and development.
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67
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2003
Shoot differentiation is controlled by which of the following?
A
High $Gibberellin : Cytokinin$ ratio
B
High $Auxin : Cytokinin$ ratio
C
High $Cytokinin : Auxin$ ratio
D
High $Gibberellin : Auxin$ ratio
Solution
(C) In plant tissue culture,the process of organogenesis is primarily regulated by the balance between two plant hormones: $Auxin$ and $Cytokinin$.
$1$. $A$ high $Auxin : Cytokinin$ ratio promotes root differentiation.
$2$. $A$ high $Cytokinin : Auxin$ ratio promotes shoot differentiation.
Therefore,shoot differentiation is controlled by a high $Cytokinin : Auxin$ ratio.
$1$. $A$ high $Auxin : Cytokinin$ ratio promotes root differentiation.
$2$. $A$ high $Cytokinin : Auxin$ ratio promotes shoot differentiation.
Therefore,shoot differentiation is controlled by a high $Cytokinin : Auxin$ ratio.
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68
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2003
In a prolonged fast,the organic substances are used by the body in which of the following sequences?
A
First proteins,second lipids,and finally carbohydrates
B
First carbohydrates,second lipids,and finally proteins
C
First lipids,second carbohydrates,and finally proteins
D
First carbohydrates,second proteins,and finally lipids
Solution
(B) During a prolonged fast,the body follows a specific metabolic hierarchy to maintain energy homeostasis.
$1$. First,the body utilizes readily available $Glycogen$ (a carbohydrate) stored in the liver and muscles to maintain blood glucose levels.
$2$. Once glycogen stores are depleted,the body shifts to burning stored $Lipids$ (fats) through the process of lipolysis and beta-oxidation.
$3$. Finally,if the fast continues for an extended period,the body begins to break down structural $Proteins$ (from muscles) into amino acids to be used for gluconeogenesis to support vital organs.
$1$. First,the body utilizes readily available $Glycogen$ (a carbohydrate) stored in the liver and muscles to maintain blood glucose levels.
$2$. Once glycogen stores are depleted,the body shifts to burning stored $Lipids$ (fats) through the process of lipolysis and beta-oxidation.
$3$. Finally,if the fast continues for an extended period,the body begins to break down structural $Proteins$ (from muscles) into amino acids to be used for gluconeogenesis to support vital organs.
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69
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2003
Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
A
Vitamin $B_6 - \text{Beriberi}$
B
Vitamin $C - \text{Scurvy}$
C
Vitamin $B_3 - \text{Pellagra}$
D
Vitamin $B_{12} - \text{Pernicious anemia}$
Solution
(A) The correct answer is $A$.
Vitamin $B_6$ (Pyridoxine) deficiency leads to conditions like dermatitis, glossitis, and peripheral neuropathy, not Beriberi.
Beriberi is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin $B_1$ (Thiamine).
Vitamin $C$ deficiency causes Scurvy.
Vitamin $B_3$ (Niacin) deficiency causes Pellagra.
Vitamin $B_{12}$ (Cyanocobalamin) deficiency causes Pernicious anemia.
Vitamin $B_6$ (Pyridoxine) deficiency leads to conditions like dermatitis, glossitis, and peripheral neuropathy, not Beriberi.
Beriberi is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin $B_1$ (Thiamine).
Vitamin $C$ deficiency causes Scurvy.
Vitamin $B_3$ (Niacin) deficiency causes Pellagra.
Vitamin $B_{12}$ (Cyanocobalamin) deficiency causes Pernicious anemia.
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70
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2003
The His bundle is a network of .........
A
Nerve fibers distributed throughout the heart.
B
Muscle fibers distributed throughout the heart wall.
C
Muscle fibers distributed only in the ventricular wall.
D
Nerve fibers distributed in the ventricles.
Solution
(C) The Bundle of His (or His bundle) is a collection of specialized cardiac muscle fibers (modified cardiac muscle cells) that conduct electrical impulses from the atrioventricular $(AV)$ node to the ventricles.
These fibers are specialized for rapid conduction of the cardiac impulse,ensuring that the ventricles contract in a coordinated manner.
They are located within the ventricular walls (specifically the interventricular septum).
Therefore,the Bundle of His is a network of muscle fibers distributed in the ventricular wall.
These fibers are specialized for rapid conduction of the cardiac impulse,ensuring that the ventricles contract in a coordinated manner.
They are located within the ventricular walls (specifically the interventricular septum).
Therefore,the Bundle of His is a network of muscle fibers distributed in the ventricular wall.
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71
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2003
The systemic heart refers to:
A
The two ventricles in humans acting together.
B
The heart contracting under the stimulation of the nervous system.
C
The left auricle and left ventricle in higher vertebrates.
D
The entire heart in lower vertebrates.
Solution
(C) The systemic heart refers to the part of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the various organs of the body.
In higher vertebrates,the left auricle and the left ventricle receive oxygenated blood from the lungs and pump it into the systemic circulation (to the rest of the body).
Therefore,the left side of the heart is collectively known as the systemic heart.
In higher vertebrates,the left auricle and the left ventricle receive oxygenated blood from the lungs and pump it into the systemic circulation (to the rest of the body).
Therefore,the left side of the heart is collectively known as the systemic heart.
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72
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2003
Which of the following plants is used as green manure in crop fields and in sandy soils?
A
Saccharum munja and Lantana camara
B
Dichanthium annulatum and Azolla nilotica
C
Crotalaria juncea and Alhagi camelorum
D
Calotropis procera and Phyllanthus niruri
Solution
(C) Green manure is obtained from leguminous plants that are grown and then incorporated into the soil to improve its fertility and structure.
$Crotalaria juncea$ (Sunn hemp) is a well-known leguminous plant widely used as green manure.
$Alhagi camelorum$ (Camel thorn) is also a leguminous plant that helps in nitrogen fixation and is often found in sandy soils,contributing to soil enrichment.
Therefore,both $Crotalaria juncea$ and $Alhagi camelorum$ are used for this purpose.
$Crotalaria juncea$ (Sunn hemp) is a well-known leguminous plant widely used as green manure.
$Alhagi camelorum$ (Camel thorn) is also a leguminous plant that helps in nitrogen fixation and is often found in sandy soils,contributing to soil enrichment.
Therefore,both $Crotalaria juncea$ and $Alhagi camelorum$ are used for this purpose.
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73
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2003
Diffuse-porous wood is a characteristic of plants found in which region?
A
Tropical region
B
Alpine region
C
Cold winter regions
D
Temperate climate
Solution
(A) Diffuse-porous wood is a type of wood where the vessels are distributed uniformly throughout the growth ring. This type of wood is typically found in plants growing in tropical regions where there is no significant seasonal variation in growth conditions. In contrast,ring-porous wood is characteristic of temperate regions where distinct seasonal changes occur.
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74
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2003
Which of the following conditions,although harmful,provides resistance against infectious diseases spread by mosquitoes?
A
Pernicious anemia
B
Leukemia
C
Thalassemia
D
Sickle cell anemia
Solution
(D) Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene.
Individuals who are heterozygous for the sickle cell trait $(Hb^A Hb^S)$ possess red blood cells that are less hospitable to the malaria parasite,$Plasmodium$.
This provides a selective advantage in regions where malaria is endemic,as these individuals are less likely to develop severe or fatal cases of malaria compared to individuals with normal hemoglobin $(Hb^A Hb^A)$.
Individuals who are heterozygous for the sickle cell trait $(Hb^A Hb^S)$ possess red blood cells that are less hospitable to the malaria parasite,$Plasmodium$.
This provides a selective advantage in regions where malaria is endemic,as these individuals are less likely to develop severe or fatal cases of malaria compared to individuals with normal hemoglobin $(Hb^A Hb^A)$.
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75
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2003
What is carcinoma (abnormal growth of epithelial tissue cells in the body)?
A
$A$ malignant tumor of the colon
B
$A$ benign tumor of connective tissue
C
$A$ malignant tumor of connective tissue
D
$A$ malignant tumor of the skin or mucous membrane
Solution
(D) Carcinoma is a type of cancer that starts in cells that make up the skin or the tissue lining organs,such as the liver or kidneys. These are known as epithelial cells.
Since carcinoma originates from epithelial tissue,it is classified as a malignant tumor of the skin or mucous membrane.
In contrast,sarcomas are cancers that arise from connective tissues (like bone,cartilage,fat,muscle,or blood vessels).
Therefore,the correct option is $D$.
Since carcinoma originates from epithelial tissue,it is classified as a malignant tumor of the skin or mucous membrane.
In contrast,sarcomas are cancers that arise from connective tissues (like bone,cartilage,fat,muscle,or blood vessels).
Therefore,the correct option is $D$.
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76
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2003
Who coined the term 'antibiotic'?
A
Selman Waksman
B
Alexander Fleming
C
Edward Jenner
D
Louis Pasteur
Solution
(A) The term 'antibiotic' was coined by the American microbiologist $Selman \ Waksman$ in $1942$.
He defined an antibiotic as a chemical substance produced by microorganisms that has the capacity,in dilute solutions,to inhibit the growth of or even destroy other microorganisms.
While $Alexander \ Fleming$ discovered the first antibiotic,$Penicillin$,it was $Selman \ Waksman$ who introduced the term to describe such substances.
He defined an antibiotic as a chemical substance produced by microorganisms that has the capacity,in dilute solutions,to inhibit the growth of or even destroy other microorganisms.
While $Alexander \ Fleming$ discovered the first antibiotic,$Penicillin$,it was $Selman \ Waksman$ who introduced the term to describe such substances.
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77
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2003
In the anaerobic digestion of organic waste,such as in the production of biogas,which of the following remains undegraded?
A
Hemicellulose
B
Cellulose
C
Lipids
D
Lignin
Solution
(D) During the process of anaerobic digestion for biogas production,methanogenic bacteria break down complex organic matter like cellulose,hemicellulose,and lipids into methane $(CH_4)$,carbon dioxide $(CO_2)$,and hydrogen $(H_2)$.
Lignin is a complex phenolic polymer found in the cell walls of plants.
Due to its highly complex and recalcitrant structure,it is resistant to microbial degradation under anaerobic conditions.
Therefore,lignin remains undegraded in the biogas digester.
Lignin is a complex phenolic polymer found in the cell walls of plants.
Due to its highly complex and recalcitrant structure,it is resistant to microbial degradation under anaerobic conditions.
Therefore,lignin remains undegraded in the biogas digester.
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78
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2003
In genetic engineering,the modification of $DNA$ has become possible due to the discovery of .............. .
A
Restriction endonucleases
B
$DNA$ ligase
C
Transcriptase
D
Primase
Solution
(A) The discovery of restriction endonucleases,often referred to as 'molecular scissors',has made it possible to cut $DNA$ at specific sites.
These enzymes recognize specific nucleotide sequences and cleave the $DNA$ backbone,which is a fundamental step in recombinant $DNA$ technology.
$DNA$ ligase is used to join $DNA$ fragments,but the initial modification and isolation of specific genes rely on restriction endonucleases.
These enzymes recognize specific nucleotide sequences and cleave the $DNA$ backbone,which is a fundamental step in recombinant $DNA$ technology.
$DNA$ ligase is used to join $DNA$ fragments,but the initial modification and isolation of specific genes rely on restriction endonucleases.
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79
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2003
$ELISA$ is used for the detection of viruses. The key reagent used is ......
A
Alkaline phosphatase
B
Catalase
C
$DNA$ probe
D
$RNase$
Solution
(A) $ELISA$ (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is a diagnostic technique based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction.
In this technique,an enzyme is linked to an antibody or antigen to detect the presence of a specific pathogen (like a virus).
The most commonly used enzyme as a key reagent in $ELISA$ is alkaline phosphatase or horseradish peroxidase,which produces a color change upon reacting with its substrate,indicating the presence of the virus.
In this technique,an enzyme is linked to an antibody or antigen to detect the presence of a specific pathogen (like a virus).
The most commonly used enzyme as a key reagent in $ELISA$ is alkaline phosphatase or horseradish peroxidase,which produces a color change upon reacting with its substrate,indicating the presence of the virus.
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80
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2003
Mycorrhiza is an example of which of the following?
A
Endoparasitism
B
Decomposers
C
Mutualism
D
Ectoparasitism
Solution
(C) Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of higher plants.
In this relationship,the fungus helps the plant in the absorption of essential nutrients like phosphorus from the soil,while the plant provides carbohydrates and shelter to the fungus.
Since both organisms benefit from this interaction,it is a classic example of mutualism (symbiosis).
In this relationship,the fungus helps the plant in the absorption of essential nutrients like phosphorus from the soil,while the plant provides carbohydrates and shelter to the fungus.
Since both organisms benefit from this interaction,it is a classic example of mutualism (symbiosis).
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81
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2003
Which group of vertebrates has the highest number of endangered species?
A
Birds
B
Mammals
C
Fishes
D
Reptiles
Solution
(B) According to the $IUCN$ Red List data,among the vertebrate groups,mammals are the most threatened class with the highest number of endangered species globally. This is primarily due to habitat loss,fragmentation,and over-exploitation.
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82
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2003
Which endangered animal is the source of the world's thinnest, lightest, warmest, and most expensive wool?
A
Chiru
B
Nilgai
C
Leopard
D
Kashmiri sheep
Solution
(A) The $Chiru$ $(Pantholops hodgsonii)$, also known as the Tibetan antelope, is an endangered species found in the high-altitude regions of the Tibetan Plateau. Its underfur, known as $Shahtoosh$, is considered the finest, lightest, and warmest wool in the world. Due to the illegal hunting of $Chiru$ for this highly expensive fiber, it has become an endangered species.
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