BiologyQ51–58 of 104 questions
Page 2 of 2 · English
51
BiologyMediumMCQNEET · 2014
When the margins of sepals or petals overlap one another without any particular direction,the condition is termed as .......
A
Vexillary
B
Imbricate
C
Twisted
D
Valvate
Solution
(B) The arrangement of sepals or petals in a floral bud with respect to the other members of the same whorl is called aestivation.
In $Imbricate$ aestivation,the margins of sepals or petals overlap one another but not in any particular direction.
In $Twisted$ aestivation,one margin of the appendage overlaps that of the next one and so on in a regular direction.
In $Valvate$ aestivation,the members of a whorl just touch one another at the margin,without overlapping.
In $Vexillary$ aestivation,the largest petal (standard) overlaps the two lateral petals (wings),which in turn overlap the two smallest anterior petals (keel).
In $Imbricate$ aestivation,the margins of sepals or petals overlap one another but not in any particular direction.
In $Twisted$ aestivation,one margin of the appendage overlaps that of the next one and so on in a regular direction.
In $Valvate$ aestivation,the members of a whorl just touch one another at the margin,without overlapping.
In $Vexillary$ aestivation,the largest petal (standard) overlaps the two lateral petals (wings),which in turn overlap the two smallest anterior petals (keel).
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52
BiologyMediumMCQNEET · 2014
In which of the following are the placenta and pericarp the edible parts?
A
Apple
B
Banana
C
Tomato
D
Potato
Solution
(C) In a tomato $(Solanum \text{ } lycopersicum)$, the fruit is a berry. The edible parts of the tomato fruit are the fleshy placenta and the pericarp (fruit wall).
Apple is a false fruit where the thalamus is edible.
Banana is a parthenocarpic berry where the mesocarp and endocarp are edible.
Potato is a stem tuber, not a fruit.
Apple is a false fruit where the thalamus is edible.
Banana is a parthenocarpic berry where the mesocarp and endocarp are edible.
Potato is a stem tuber, not a fruit.
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53
BiologyMediumMCQNEET · 2014
In what respect do the conducting elements of the $Xylem$ differ from each other?
A
Presence of $Casparian$ strips
B
Nature of perforations
C
Absence of nucleus
D
Deposition of $Lignin$
Solution
(B) The primary conducting elements of $Xylem$ are $Vessels$ and $Tracheids$.
$Tracheids$ are elongated,narrow cells with tapered ends,whereas $Vessels$ are cylindrical,tube-like structures.
The fundamental difference between these two elements lies in the nature of the perforations at their end walls.
$Vessels$ possess large perforations (perforation plates) at their end walls,which allow them to form a continuous pipe-like structure for efficient water transport.
In contrast,$Tracheids$ lack such large perforations and are connected to each other primarily through $Pits$.
$Tracheids$ are elongated,narrow cells with tapered ends,whereas $Vessels$ are cylindrical,tube-like structures.
The fundamental difference between these two elements lies in the nature of the perforations at their end walls.
$Vessels$ possess large perforations (perforation plates) at their end walls,which allow them to form a continuous pipe-like structure for efficient water transport.
In contrast,$Tracheids$ lack such large perforations and are connected to each other primarily through $Pits$.
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54
BiologyMediumMCQNEET · 2014
At which site do muscle fibers receive stimulation from a motor neuron?
A
Neuromuscular junction
B
$T$-tubule system
C
Myofibrils
D
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Solution
(A) The stimulation of muscle fibers by a motor neuron occurs at the neuromuscular junction (also known as the motor end plate).
This is a chemical synapse formed between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber.
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of the motor neuron,it triggers the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft.
This neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber,initiating an action potential that leads to muscle contraction.
This is a chemical synapse formed between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber.
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of the motor neuron,it triggers the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft.
This neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber,initiating an action potential that leads to muscle contraction.
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55
BiologyMediumMCQNEET · 2014
How do the signals from the parasympathetic nervous system affect the heart?
A
Decrease the heart rate and the cardiac output.
B
Increase the heart rate without affecting the cardiac output.
C
Increase the heart rate and the cardiac output.
D
Decrease the heart rate,but increase the cardiac output.
Solution
(A) The parasympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system that acts to 'rest and digest'.
In the context of the heart,the parasympathetic nervous system (via the vagus nerve) releases acetylcholine.
This neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the heart,which leads to a decrease in the heart rate.
Additionally,it reduces the force of contraction,thereby decreasing the cardiac output (the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute).
Therefore,both the heart rate and the cardiac output are decreased.
In the context of the heart,the parasympathetic nervous system (via the vagus nerve) releases acetylcholine.
This neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the heart,which leads to a decrease in the heart rate.
Additionally,it reduces the force of contraction,thereby decreasing the cardiac output (the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute).
Therefore,both the heart rate and the cardiac output are decreased.
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56
BiologyMediumMCQNEET · 2014
Photosynthesis without the evolution of oxygen is a characteristic of which of the following?
A
Rhodospirillum
B
Spirogyra
C
Chlamydomonas
D
Ulva
Solution
(A) Photosynthesis is generally an oxygenic process in plants,algae,and cyanobacteria,where $H_2O$ is used as an electron donor,resulting in the release of $O_2$. However,in certain photosynthetic bacteria like purple and green sulfur bacteria (e.g.,$Rhodospirillum$),$H_2O$ is not used as an electron donor. Instead,they use compounds like $H_2S$ or other organic compounds. Consequently,these organisms do not evolve $O_2$ during photosynthesis. $Spirogyra$,$Chlamydomonas$,and $Ulva$ are algae that perform oxygenic photosynthesis.
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57
BiologyMediumMCQNEET · 2014
Which of the following fungi contains hallucinogens?
A
Morchella esculenta
B
Amanita muscaria
C
Neurospora
D
Ustilago
Solution
(B) The fungus $Amanita \ muscaria$,commonly known as the fly agaric,contains hallucinogenic compounds such as muscimol and ibotenic acid.
These compounds act on the central nervous system to produce hallucinogenic effects.
$Morchella \ esculenta$ is an edible mushroom (morel).
$Neurospora$ is a model organism used in genetic research.
$Ustilago$ is a genus of fungi that causes smut diseases in plants.
Therefore,the correct option is $B$.
These compounds act on the central nervous system to produce hallucinogenic effects.
$Morchella \ esculenta$ is an edible mushroom (morel).
$Neurospora$ is a model organism used in genetic research.
$Ustilago$ is a genus of fungi that causes smut diseases in plants.
Therefore,the correct option is $B$.
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58
BiologyMediumMCQNEET · 2014
Which one of the following is a non-reducing carbohydrate?
A
Maltose
B
Sucrose
C
Lactose
D
Ribose $5$-phosphate
Solution
(B) carbohydrate is considered non-reducing if it lacks a free aldehyde or ketone group capable of acting as a reducing agent.
In $Sucrose$,the glycosidic linkage is formed between the $C1$ of glucose and the $C2$ of fructose.
Since both the anomeric carbons are involved in the glycosidic bond,there is no free aldehyde or keto group available.
Therefore,$Sucrose$ is a non-reducing sugar,whereas $Maltose$,$Lactose$,and $Ribose$ $5$-phosphate contain free anomeric carbons and are reducing sugars.
In $Sucrose$,the glycosidic linkage is formed between the $C1$ of glucose and the $C2$ of fructose.
Since both the anomeric carbons are involved in the glycosidic bond,there is no free aldehyde or keto group available.
Therefore,$Sucrose$ is a non-reducing sugar,whereas $Maltose$,$Lactose$,and $Ribose$ $5$-phosphate contain free anomeric carbons and are reducing sugars.
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