BiologyQ51–64 of 114 questions
Page 2 of 2 · English
51
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2007
Which of the following is not a component of the cell membrane?
A
Cholesterol
B
Glycolipid
C
Proline
D
Phospholipid
Solution
(C) The cell membrane is primarily composed of a lipid bilayer,which consists of phospholipids,cholesterol,and various proteins.
Glycolipids are also present on the outer surface of the cell membrane.
Proline is an amino acid,which is a building block of proteins. While proteins are components of the cell membrane,proline itself is not a structural component of the membrane in the same way that lipids or cholesterol are; it is merely one of the many amino acids that make up membrane proteins.
Glycolipids are also present on the outer surface of the cell membrane.
Proline is an amino acid,which is a building block of proteins. While proteins are components of the cell membrane,proline itself is not a structural component of the membrane in the same way that lipids or cholesterol are; it is merely one of the many amino acids that make up membrane proteins.
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52
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2007
In which of the following angiosperms do the root nodules contain filamentous nitrogen-fixing microorganisms?
A
Casuarina equisetifolia
B
Crotalaria juncea
C
Cycas revoluta
D
Cicer arietinum
Solution
(A) The correct answer is $A$.
$Casuarina equisetifolia$ is a non-leguminous angiosperm that forms a symbiotic relationship with the filamentous actinomycete $Frankia$.
This bacterium resides in the root nodules of the plant and is responsible for nitrogen fixation.
$Crotalaria juncea$ and $Cicer arietinum$ are legumes that form nodules with $Rhizobium$,which is not a filamentous bacterium.
$Cycas revoluta$ is a gymnosperm,not an angiosperm,and it forms coralloid roots with $Anabaena$ or $Nostoc$.
$Casuarina equisetifolia$ is a non-leguminous angiosperm that forms a symbiotic relationship with the filamentous actinomycete $Frankia$.
This bacterium resides in the root nodules of the plant and is responsible for nitrogen fixation.
$Crotalaria juncea$ and $Cicer arietinum$ are legumes that form nodules with $Rhizobium$,which is not a filamentous bacterium.
$Cycas revoluta$ is a gymnosperm,not an angiosperm,and it forms coralloid roots with $Anabaena$ or $Nostoc$.
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53
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2007
The 'bakanae' (foolish seedling) disease in rice was discovered by whom?
A
$ABA$
B
$2,4-D$
C
$IAA$
D
$GA$
Solution
(D) The 'bakanae' or 'foolish seedling' disease in rice is caused by the fungus $Gibberella \text{ fujikuroi}$.
In $1926$, $E$. Kurosawa reported the appearance of symptoms of this disease in uninfected rice seedlings when they were treated with sterile filtrates of the fungus.
The active substance responsible for this growth was later identified as Gibberellic Acid $(GA)$.
Therefore, the discovery of the cause of this disease led to the identification of $GA$.
In $1926$, $E$. Kurosawa reported the appearance of symptoms of this disease in uninfected rice seedlings when they were treated with sterile filtrates of the fungus.
The active substance responsible for this growth was later identified as Gibberellic Acid $(GA)$.
Therefore, the discovery of the cause of this disease led to the identification of $GA$.
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54
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2007
What is the full form of $ICBN$?
A
Indian Code of Biological Nomenclature
B
Indies Code of Biological Nomenclature
C
International Code for Botanical Nomenclature
D
International Code for Biological Nomenclature
Solution
(C) The $ICBN$ stands for $International \ Code \ for \ Botanical \ Nomenclature$.
It is a set of rules and recommendations that govern the formal scientific naming of plants,fungi,and photosynthetic protists.
This system ensures that each taxonomic group has only one correct name,which is accepted worldwide.
It is a set of rules and recommendations that govern the formal scientific naming of plants,fungi,and photosynthetic protists.
This system ensures that each taxonomic group has only one correct name,which is accepted worldwide.
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55
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2007
Which one of the following elements is not an essential micronutrient for plant growth?
A
$Ca$
B
$Mn$
C
$Zn$
D
$Cu$
Solution
(A) Essential elements are divided into macronutrients and micronutrients based on their quantitative requirements.
Macronutrients are required in large amounts (e.g.,$C, H, O, N, P, K, S, Mg, Ca$).
Micronutrients are required in very small amounts (trace amounts). These include $Fe, Mn, Cu, Mo, Zn, B, Cl,$ and $Ni$.
Among the given options,$Ca$ (Calcium) is a macronutrient,while $Mn, Zn,$ and $Cu$ are micronutrients.
Therefore,$Ca$ is not a micronutrient.
Macronutrients are required in large amounts (e.g.,$C, H, O, N, P, K, S, Mg, Ca$).
Micronutrients are required in very small amounts (trace amounts). These include $Fe, Mn, Cu, Mo, Zn, B, Cl,$ and $Ni$.
Among the given options,$Ca$ (Calcium) is a macronutrient,while $Mn, Zn,$ and $Cu$ are micronutrients.
Therefore,$Ca$ is not a micronutrient.
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56
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2007
Adaptive radiation refers to ..........
A
Adaptations due to geographical isolation
B
Evolution of different species from a common ancestor
C
Migration of members of a species to different geographical areas
D
Power of individuals to adapt to different environments
Solution
(B) Adaptive radiation is an evolutionary process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms,particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available,creates new challenges,or opens new environmental niches.
This phenomenon is best exemplified by Darwin's finches in the Galapagos Islands and Australian marsupials,where a single common ancestor gave rise to various species adapted to different modes of life.
This phenomenon is best exemplified by Darwin's finches in the Galapagos Islands and Australian marsupials,where a single common ancestor gave rise to various species adapted to different modes of life.
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57
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2007
What is common between whales,seals,and sharks?
A
Seasonal migration
B
Thick subcutaneous layer of fat
C
Convergent evolution
D
Homeothermy
Solution
(B) Whales,seals,and sharks are distantly related organisms that have evolved similar adaptations to survive in an aquatic environment.
Whales and seals are mammals,while sharks are cartilaginous fish.
Despite their different evolutionary origins,they all possess a thick subcutaneous layer of fat (blubber) to insulate their bodies against the cold water and to provide buoyancy.
This is an example of convergent evolution,where different species develop similar traits due to similar environmental pressures.
Whales and seals are mammals,while sharks are cartilaginous fish.
Despite their different evolutionary origins,they all possess a thick subcutaneous layer of fat (blubber) to insulate their bodies against the cold water and to provide buoyancy.
This is an example of convergent evolution,where different species develop similar traits due to similar environmental pressures.
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58
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2007
Which of the following statements is correct?
A
Stem cells are specialized cells.
B
There is no evidence of gill slits during mammalian embryonic development.
C
All plant and animal cells are totipotent.
D
Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.
Solution
(D) The statement 'Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny' is known as the Biogenetic Law or Haeckel's Law. It suggests that the developmental stages of an individual organism (ontogeny) reflect the evolutionary history of its species (phylogeny). For example,the presence of gill slits in the embryos of all vertebrates,including humans,indicates a common aquatic ancestry.
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59
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2007
Which of the following is an incorrect pair?
A
$Apis$ $indica$ - Honey
B
$Laccifer$ $lacca$ - Lac
C
$Bombyx$ $mori$ - Silk
D
$Pila$ $globosa$ - Pearl
Solution
(D) The correct answer is $D$.
$Apis$ $indica$ is the Indian honey bee,which produces honey.
$Laccifer$ $lacca$ (formerly $Tachardia$ $lacca$) is the lac insect,which produces lac.
$Bombyx$ $mori$ is the silkworm,which produces silk.
$Pila$ $globosa$ is a freshwater snail (apple snail),which is not used for pearl production. Pearl production is typically associated with pearl oysters like $Pinctada$ species. Therefore,the pair $Pila$ $globosa$ - Pearl is incorrect.
$Apis$ $indica$ is the Indian honey bee,which produces honey.
$Laccifer$ $lacca$ (formerly $Tachardia$ $lacca$) is the lac insect,which produces lac.
$Bombyx$ $mori$ is the silkworm,which produces silk.
$Pila$ $globosa$ is a freshwater snail (apple snail),which is not used for pearl production. Pearl production is typically associated with pearl oysters like $Pinctada$ species. Therefore,the pair $Pila$ $globosa$ - Pearl is incorrect.
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60
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2007
$A$ bullock is more docile than a bull because of...
A
Higher level of cortisone
B
Lower level of testosterone in the blood
C
Lower level of adrenaline/noradrenaline in the blood
D
Higher level of thyroxine
Solution
(B) bull is an uncastrated male bovine,which maintains high levels of the hormone $Testosterone$ in its blood. $Testosterone$ is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics and aggressive behavior in males.
$A$ bullock (or steer) is a castrated male bovine. Castration involves the removal of the testes,which are the primary source of $Testosterone$ production.
Due to the absence of testes,the level of $Testosterone$ in the blood of a bullock is significantly lower than that of a bull. This reduction in $Testosterone$ levels leads to a decrease in aggressive behavior,making the bullock more docile and easier to manage for agricultural work.
$A$ bullock (or steer) is a castrated male bovine. Castration involves the removal of the testes,which are the primary source of $Testosterone$ production.
Due to the absence of testes,the level of $Testosterone$ in the blood of a bullock is significantly lower than that of a bull. This reduction in $Testosterone$ levels leads to a decrease in aggressive behavior,making the bullock more docile and easier to manage for agricultural work.
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61
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2007
Which of the following is used as a source of biodiesel in India?
A
Euphorbia
B
Beet root
C
Sugarcane
D
Pongamia
Solution
(D) Biodiesel is a renewable fuel derived from biological sources. In India,$Pongamia$ $pinnata$ (commonly known as Karanja) is widely recognized and cultivated as a significant source for biodiesel production. The seeds of $Pongamia$ contain oil that can be processed into biodiesel,making it a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.
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62
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2007
Which of the following statements is correct?
A
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers leads to eutrophication in nearby water bodies.
B
Both Azotobacter and Rhizobium fix atmospheric nitrogen in the root nodules of plants.
C
Cyanobacteria such as Anabaena and Nostoc are important as phosphate and potassium mobilizers for plants from the soil.
D
Currently,it is not possible to grow maize without chemical fertilizers.
Solution
(A) Statement $A$ is correct. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers leads to nutrient enrichment (especially nitrogen and phosphorus) in water bodies,causing algal blooms and eutrophication.
Statement $B$ is incorrect because $Azotobacter$ is a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium,while $Rhizobium$ is a symbiotic bacterium found in root nodules.
Statement $C$ is incorrect because cyanobacteria like $Anabaena$ and $Nostoc$ are primarily nitrogen fixers,not phosphate or potassium mobilizers.
Statement $D$ is incorrect because organic farming practices allow for the cultivation of maize without chemical fertilizers.
Statement $B$ is incorrect because $Azotobacter$ is a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium,while $Rhizobium$ is a symbiotic bacterium found in root nodules.
Statement $C$ is incorrect because cyanobacteria like $Anabaena$ and $Nostoc$ are primarily nitrogen fixers,not phosphate or potassium mobilizers.
Statement $D$ is incorrect because organic farming practices allow for the cultivation of maize without chemical fertilizers.
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63
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2007
Arrange the following in increasing order of their $BOD$ values: Sewage $(S)$,Distillery Effluent $(DE)$,Paper Mill Effluent $(PE)$,and Sugar Mill Effluent $(SE)$.
A
$SE < PE < S < DE$
B
$PE < S < SE < DE$
C
$S < DE < PE < SE$
D
$SE < S < PE < DE$
Solution
(D) The $BOD$ (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) is a measure of the organic matter present in water. Higher organic content leads to higher microbial activity and thus higher $BOD$.
$1$. Sewage $(S)$ typically has a moderate $BOD$ compared to industrial effluents.
$2$. Sugar Mill Effluent $(SE)$ is rich in sugars,but often has lower $BOD$ than paper or distillery waste.
$3$. Paper Mill Effluent $(PE)$ contains high amounts of cellulose and organic additives.
$4$. Distillery Effluent $(DE)$ is known for having an extremely high $BOD$ due to the presence of molasses and other organic residues from fermentation.
Based on standard environmental data,the increasing order of $BOD$ is $SE < S < PE < DE$.
$1$. Sewage $(S)$ typically has a moderate $BOD$ compared to industrial effluents.
$2$. Sugar Mill Effluent $(SE)$ is rich in sugars,but often has lower $BOD$ than paper or distillery waste.
$3$. Paper Mill Effluent $(PE)$ contains high amounts of cellulose and organic additives.
$4$. Distillery Effluent $(DE)$ is known for having an extremely high $BOD$ due to the presence of molasses and other organic residues from fermentation.
Based on standard environmental data,the increasing order of $BOD$ is $SE < S < PE < DE$.
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64
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2007
Which one of the following ecosystems has the highest annual net primary productivity?
A
Desert
B
Tropical deciduous forest
C
Tropical rain forest
D
Temperate evergreen forest
Solution
(C) The correct answer is $C$.
Net Primary Productivity $(NPP)$ is defined as the amount of biomass available for consumption by heterotrophs (herbivores and decomposers).
Tropical rain forests exhibit the highest $NPP$ among all terrestrial ecosystems.
This is because these regions receive abundant sunlight,high rainfall,and maintain warm temperatures throughout the year,which are optimal conditions for photosynthesis and plant growth.
Consequently,there is a dense concentration of vegetation at all levels,leading to maximum biomass production.
Net Primary Productivity $(NPP)$ is defined as the amount of biomass available for consumption by heterotrophs (herbivores and decomposers).
Tropical rain forests exhibit the highest $NPP$ among all terrestrial ecosystems.
This is because these regions receive abundant sunlight,high rainfall,and maintain warm temperatures throughout the year,which are optimal conditions for photosynthesis and plant growth.
Consequently,there is a dense concentration of vegetation at all levels,leading to maximum biomass production.
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