Animal breeding Questions in English

(A) Artificial insemination is a technique used in animal breeding to improve the quality of livestock.
In this process, semen collected from a superior male is either used immediately or stored in a frozen state (cryopreservation) in liquid nitrogen at $-196^{\circ}C$.
This frozen semen can be transported to different locations and used later for insemination of the female, allowing for the genetic improvement of herds across large distances.

(C) Inbreeding refers to the mating of more closely related individuals within the same breed for $4-6$ generations.
$1$. It increases homozygosity,which is essential for evolving pure lines in any animal.
$2$. It helps in the accumulation of superior genes and the elimination of less desirable genes by exposing harmful recessive genes that are then removed by selection.
$3$. Therefore,the statement that it decreases homozygosity is incorrect,as inbreeding actually increases homozygosity.

(B) Inbreeding refers to the mating of more closely related individuals within the same breed for $4-6$ generations.
$1$. Inbreeding increases homozygosity,which is essential for developing a pure line in any animal.
$2$. It exposes harmful recessive genes that are then eliminated by selection.
$3$. It helps in the accumulation of superior genes and the elimination of less desirable genes.
$4$. However,continued inbreeding,especially close inbreeding,usually reduces fertility and productivity,which is known as inbreeding depression. Therefore,decreasing the productivity of an inbred population is a disadvantage,not an advantage.
Thus,option $B$ is the correct answer as it incorrectly states that inbreeding decreases homozygosity (it actually increases it).

(D) Crossbreeding is a breeding strategy where a superior male of one breed is mated with a superior female of another breed. This allows the desirable qualities of two different breeds to be combined into the progeny.
$1$. Crossbreeding introduces genetic variation and increases heterozygosity,not homozygosity.
$2$. Hisardale is a new breed of sheep developed in Punjab by crossing Bikaneri ewes and Marino rams.
$3$. Since crossbreeding promotes the combination of different alleles,it leads to increased heterozygosity,making option $D$ the incorrect statement.

(B) The $MOET$ ($Multiple$ $Ovulation$ $Embryo$ $Transfer$) technique is a method used for herd improvement.
In this process,a cow is administered hormones,with $FSH$ ($Follicle$ $Stimulating$ $Hormone$) activity,to induce follicular maturation and superovulation.
Instead of the usual one egg per cycle,this treatment results in the production of $6-8$ eggs.
Therefore,$FSH$ is the correct hormone administered for this purpose.

(B) mule is produced by the mating of a male donkey and a female horse.
Since the parents belong to two different species,this process is known as interspecific hybridization.
Interspecific hybridization is a breeding method where individuals of two different related species are crossed to combine desirable features of both parents in the progeny.