Lac culture Questions in English

(D) The correct set is $D$ because:
$1$. Cochineal insects are used to produce carmine dye.
$2$. Lac insects $(Laccifer \ lacca)$ are used to produce lac,which is used in varnishes and polishes.
$3$. Honey bees $(Apis)$ are essential for pollination and the production of honey and beeswax.
Other options contain pests or vectors like $Anopheles$ (malaria vector),Bed Bugs (parasites),and Locusts (agricultural pests).

(C) The lac insect,$Laccifer$ $lacca$ (formerly $Tachardia$ $lacca$),is considered a parasitic insect because it derives its nutrition by sucking sap from the phloem of host plants such as $Ziziphus$ $mauritiana$ (ber),$Butea$ $monosperma$ (palas),and $Ficus$ $religiosa$ (peepal).
Since it lives on the host plant and harms it by extracting nutrients,it is classified as a parasite.

(C) The correct answer is $C$. India historically produced about $97\%$ of the total lac output in the world. Although this percentage has decreased to approximately $50-60\%$ in recent years due to increased production in other regions,India remains the leading producer of lac globally.

(C) Lac is a complex substance containing a large amount of resin. The main composition of lac is: Resin $(68\%)$,Pigment $(10\%)$,Wax $(10\%)$,Glue $(5.5\%)$,and Sugar $(4\%)$. Therefore,the correct option is $(C)$.

(A) The male and female lac insects live separately within their respective lac capsules.
The female lac insect is sedentary and produces a rounded capsule.
The male lac insect is mobile and produces a tubular capsule.
Therefore,the male and female capsules are tubular and rounded,respectively.

(B) After copulation,the male lac insect dies. The female lac insect lays approximately $200-300$ eggs at a time within the lac cell.

(C) The larvae of lac insects are red-coloured and feed by sucking the plant sap (juice) from the phloem of tender twigs.
They insert their proboscis into the plant tissue to extract nutrients,which they then process to secrete lac.

(C) Raw lac,also known as stick lac,is harvested from the twigs of host trees.
To separate the lac from the wooden twigs,the twigs are immersed in hot water.
The heat melts the lac,allowing it to be scraped off or separated from the wood,which is then processed further to produce seed lac.

(C) Lac is a natural resin secreted by the lac insect,$Laccifer$ $lacca$.
It has diverse industrial applications due to its unique properties.
It is extensively used in the manufacturing of gramophone records,varnishes,and electrically insulated goods.
Additionally,it is utilized in the printing industry,as well as by jewelers and goldsmiths as a filling and sealing material.
It is also used in the production of bangles and various cosmetic preparations.

(D) Lac is a natural resin secreted by the lac insect,$Laccifer$ $lacca$.
It is widely used as a sealing material for sealing letters,parcels,and bottles.
Additionally,it is used in the manufacture of bangles,toys,and as a polishing agent,but its primary industrial application is as a sealing wax.

(D) Lac is a complex natural substance secreted by the lac insect ($Laccifer$ $lacca$).
It is primarily composed of resin,which accounts for approximately $68\%$ to $90\%$ of its total composition.
Other components include sugars,proteins,and mineral salts,but due to the high concentration of resin,its chemical nature is classified as resinous.

(B) Commercial lac is a resinous substance secreted by the lac insect, primarily $Laccifer \text{ } lacca$ (also known as $Kerria \text{ } lacca$).
This insect feeds on the sap of specific host trees and secretes lac as a protective covering for its body.
Therefore, it is the exudation of a type of insect.

(A) The Indian Lac Research Institute,located at Namkum,Ranchi,was established in $1925$.
It is a premier research organization dedicated to the study and production of high-quality lac,including white lac.

(B) The commercial lac is primarily produced by the female lac insect ($Laccifer$ $lacca$).
Due to their short life span,male insects do not contribute significantly to the secretion of lac.
In contrast,the female insect secretes lac continuously throughout her life,and her life span is significantly longer than that of the male.
Therefore,the major quantity of commercial lac is obtained from the female insect.

(B) Lac is a resinous substance secreted by the lac insect,$Laccifer$ $lacca$.
Different host plants produce different qualities of lac.
$Palas$ ($Butea$ $monosperma$) and $Ber$ ($Ziziphus$ $mauritiana$) are common host plants for lac insects.
The lac produced by these specific host plants is commercially referred to as $Kusumi$ $lac$ because it is often associated with the $Kusum$ tree ($Schleichera$ $oleosa$) which produces the highest quality lac,though the term is used to categorize the strain and quality of the lac produced by these hosts.

(C) Lac is a natural resin secreted by the lac insect,$Laccifer$ $lacca$.
It is a complex mixture of various substances.
The chemical composition of lac typically includes approximately $68-90$% resin,$5-10$% dye,$5-10$% wax,and $3-5$% mineral matter.
Therefore,the percentage of wax in lac is approximately $6$%.

(C) Lac is a natural resinous secretion produced by the lac insect,$Laccifer$ $lacca$.
Chemically,lac is a complex mixture of substances.
It primarily consists of resins ($68-90$%),followed by sugars,proteins,mineral salts,and coloring matter (lac dye).
Therefore,the correct percentage of resins in lac is $68-90$%.

(A) In the life cycle of the lac insect ($Laccifer$ $lacca$),the male insect is winged and small.
After mating with the female,the male insect dies.
The female insect,which is responsible for secreting the lac,remains inside the lac cell to lay eggs and continues to live until the larvae emerge.

(B) Lac is a resinous substance secreted by the female lac insect,$Tachardia$ $lacca$ (also known as $Laccifer$ $lacca$).
It is produced by the cutaneous glands located in the skin of the insect to form a protective covering or cell around its body.
Therefore,it is a secretion from the body,not an excretion or fecal matter.

(B) The lac-producing insect is $Tachardia$ $lacca$,which was previously known as $Laccifer$ $lacca$. It belongs to the family $Kerriidae$ and is widely cultivated for the production of lac,a resinous substance used in various industries.

(B) . The lac is a resinous secretory product produced by the lac glands of the lac insect,$Laccifer$ $lacca$.
This secretion covers the body of the insect and is used to protect it.
It also helps in attaching the insect to the twig of the tree.

(C) The lac insect,scientifically known as $Laccifer$ $lacca$ (or $Kerria$ $lacca$),belongs to the order $Hemiptera$ and the family $Kerriidae$. These insects are sap-sucking insects that secrete a resinous substance known as lac.

(A) Lac is a resinous substance secreted by the lac insect.
The scientific name of the lac insect is $Kerria lacca$,which was previously known as $Laccifer lacca$ or $Tachardia lacca$.
Therefore,lac is obtained from $Laccifer$ (now $Kerria$).
$Bombyx$ refers to the silkworm,$Dactylopius$ is a genus of cochineal insects,and $Lytta$ refers to blister beetles.

(C) Lac is a resinous substance secreted by the female lac insect,$Laccifer$ $lacca$.
This secretion is produced by the cutaneous glands present in the skin of the insect.
The lac is deposited around the body of the insect to protect it,forming a hard covering.

(B) Lac is a resinous substance secreted by the lac insect,primarily $Laccifer$ $lacca$ (also known as $Kerria$ $lacca$).
These insects feed on the sap of specific host trees and secrete a resinous substance to form a protective covering or 'lac' around their bodies.
This substance is harvested commercially and processed to produce shellac,which is used in various industries such as wood finishing,cosmetics,and electronics.

(A) Lac is a natural resin secreted by the lac insect. The most common species used for the commercial production of lac is $Laccifer$ $lacca$ (also known as $Kerria$ $lacca$).
$Bombyx$ refers to the silkworm genus.
$Dactylopius$ is a genus of scale insects known for producing cochineal dye.
Therefore,the correct option is $A$.

(B) Lac is a resinous secretion produced by the lac insect,primarily $Laccifer$ $lacca$ (also known as $Kerria$ $lacca$).
In the life cycle of the lac insect,the female insect is responsible for secreting the resinous substance known as lac to form a protective covering or cell around her body.
The male insect does not produce lac; its primary role is fertilization.
Therefore,the female lac insect is the primary producer of lac.

(B) Lac is a resinous substance secreted by the female lac insect,$Laccifer$ $lacca$ (also known as $Kerria$ $lacca$).
It is produced by the insect to form a protective covering or cocoon around its body.
Therefore,it is classified as a body secretion.

(A) The scientific name of the lac insect is $Tachardia$ $lacca$ (also known as $Laccifer$ $lacca$).
This insect is primarily responsible for the production of lac,a resinous substance used in various industries.
$Bombyx$ $mori$ is the scientific name for the silkworm.
$Cimex$ $lectularis$ is the bed bug.
$Pediculus$ $pithiris$ (or $Pthirus$ $pubis$) is the pubic louse.

(B) Lac is a resinous substance secreted by the female lac insect,$Laccifer$ $lacca$ (also known as $Kerria$ $lacca$).
It is produced by the specialized glands present in the skin of the female insect to form a protective covering or cell around its body.
Therefore,it is a secretion from the body of the insect,not an excretion or faecal matter.

(C) Lac is a natural resin secreted by the lac insect ($Laccifer$ $lacca$). It is widely used in the manufacturing of various products such as toys,polishes,varnishes,sealing wax,and inks.
Isinglass is a substance obtained from the dried swim bladders of fish,primarily used for the clarification of wine and beer. Therefore,it is a by-product of the fishery industry,not the lac industry.

(D) Lac is a resinous substance secreted by the female lac insect,$Laccifer$ $lacca$. It is widely used in the production of varnishes,polishes,printing inks,and electrical insulating materials. Among the given options,the most appropriate application related to industrial use is the preparation of protective coatings like varnishes and polishes. Note: Silvering of mirrors is typically done using silver nitrate,not lac.