BiologyQ101–114 of 167 questions
Page 3 of 3 · English
101
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2000
Which of the following can be used to control dwarfism in plants?
A
Cytokinin
B
Gibberellic acid
C
Auxin
D
Antigibberellin
Solution
(B) Gibberellins are a group of plant growth regulators that promote stem elongation.
In genetically dwarf plants, the application of $Gibberellic \text{ } acid$ $(GA_3)$ induces internode elongation, thereby overcoming the dwarf phenotype and allowing the plant to grow to a normal height.
Therefore, $Gibberellic \text{ } acid$ is used to control or reverse dwarfism in plants.
In genetically dwarf plants, the application of $Gibberellic \text{ } acid$ $(GA_3)$ induces internode elongation, thereby overcoming the dwarf phenotype and allowing the plant to grow to a normal height.
Therefore, $Gibberellic \text{ } acid$ is used to control or reverse dwarfism in plants.
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102
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2000
What is the result of removing the apical bud?
A
$A$ new apical bud is formed
B
The main stem elongates
C
The plant dies
D
Lateral branches are formed
Solution
(D) The apical bud produces the hormone auxin,which inhibits the growth of lateral buds,a phenomenon known as apical dominance. When the apical bud is removed,the source of auxin is eliminated. This releases the lateral buds from inhibition,allowing them to grow and develop into lateral branches.
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103
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2000
Which of the following is a geocarpic fruit?
A
Onion
B
Watermelon
C
Groundnut
D
Carrot
Solution
(C) geocarpic fruit is a fruit that develops underground.
In $Arachis hypogaea$ (groundnut),after fertilization,the flower stalk (gynophore) elongates and pushes the ovary into the soil.
The fruit then matures and develops underground.
Therefore,groundnut is known as a geocarpic fruit.
In $Arachis hypogaea$ (groundnut),after fertilization,the flower stalk (gynophore) elongates and pushes the ovary into the soil.
The fruit then matures and develops underground.
Therefore,groundnut is known as a geocarpic fruit.
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104
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2000
When the seed coat swells due to the entry of water,the embryo expands,but it remains physiologically dormant. What is this state called?
A
Vernalization
B
Stratification
C
Dormancy
D
Scarification
Solution
(C) Seed dormancy is a state in which seeds are prevented from germinating even under environmental conditions normally favourable for germination.
Even if the seed coat swells due to water absorption and the embryo is ready to grow,the seed remains physiologically inactive or dormant due to various factors like hard seed coats,chemical inhibitors,or immature embryos.
This state is known as seed dormancy.
Even if the seed coat swells due to water absorption and the embryo is ready to grow,the seed remains physiologically inactive or dormant due to various factors like hard seed coats,chemical inhibitors,or immature embryos.
This state is known as seed dormancy.
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105
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2000
Rennin acts on:
A
Milk,converting casein into calcium paracaseinate at $pH$ $7.2-8.2$
B
Proteins in the stomach
C
Fats in the intestine
D
Milk,converting casein into calcium paracaseinate at $pH$ $1-3$
Solution
(D) Rennin (also known as chymosin) is a proteolytic enzyme found in the gastric juice of infants.
It acts on the milk protein casein.
In the presence of calcium ions,it converts soluble casein into insoluble calcium paracaseinate (curdling of milk).
This reaction occurs in the acidic environment of the stomach,typically at a $pH$ range of $1-3$.
It acts on the milk protein casein.
In the presence of calcium ions,it converts soluble casein into insoluble calcium paracaseinate (curdling of milk).
This reaction occurs in the acidic environment of the stomach,typically at a $pH$ range of $1-3$.
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106
BiologyEasyMCQAIPMT · 2000
Which of the following amino acids is an essential part of the human diet?
A
Glycine
B
Phenylalanine
C
Serine
D
Aspartic acid
Solution
(B) Essential amino acids are those that cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through the diet.
There are $9$ essential amino acids: Histidine,Isoleucine,Leucine,Lysine,Methionine,Phenylalanine,Threonine,Tryptophan,and Valine.
Among the given options,Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid.
Glycine,Serine,and Aspartic acid are non-essential amino acids as they can be synthesized by the human body.
There are $9$ essential amino acids: Histidine,Isoleucine,Leucine,Lysine,Methionine,Phenylalanine,Threonine,Tryptophan,and Valine.
Among the given options,Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid.
Glycine,Serine,and Aspartic acid are non-essential amino acids as they can be synthesized by the human body.
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107
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2000
In elderly individuals,hair gradually begins to thin. This is due to a decrease in ..........
A
Glucose synthesis
B
Protein synthesis
C
Energy availability
D
Blood supply
Solution
(B) Hair is primarily composed of a tough,fibrous protein called $Keratin$.
As individuals age,the efficiency of cellular processes,including the synthesis of proteins like $Keratin$,declines.
This reduction in $Protein$ $synthesis$ leads to thinner hair shafts and a decrease in the overall density of hair follicles,resulting in the gradual thinning of hair observed in elderly individuals.
As individuals age,the efficiency of cellular processes,including the synthesis of proteins like $Keratin$,declines.
This reduction in $Protein$ $synthesis$ leads to thinner hair shafts and a decrease in the overall density of hair follicles,resulting in the gradual thinning of hair observed in elderly individuals.
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108
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2000
Some people eat boiled potatoes. Which of the following components of the food is present in it?
A
Lactose,which is indigestible.
B
Starch,which is not digested.
C
Cellulose,which is digested by digestive cellulase.
D
$DNA$,which is digested by pancreatic $DNAase$.
Solution
(D) Boiled potatoes are a rich source of starch.
In the human digestive system,starch is broken down into simpler sugars (like maltose) by the action of salivary amylase in the mouth and pancreatic amylase in the small intestine.
Therefore,starch is a digestible component of food.
However,cellulose is a structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls that humans cannot digest because we lack the enzyme cellulase.
$DNA$ is present in all plant cells,and it is broken down by pancreatic $DNAase$ into nucleotides in the small intestine.
Among the given options,$DNA$ is a component that is specifically digested by pancreatic $DNAase$.
In the human digestive system,starch is broken down into simpler sugars (like maltose) by the action of salivary amylase in the mouth and pancreatic amylase in the small intestine.
Therefore,starch is a digestible component of food.
However,cellulose is a structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls that humans cannot digest because we lack the enzyme cellulase.
$DNA$ is present in all plant cells,and it is broken down by pancreatic $DNAase$ into nucleotides in the small intestine.
Among the given options,$DNA$ is a component that is specifically digested by pancreatic $DNAase$.
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109
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2000
Erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn) is observed in marriages between:
A
$Rh^{+ve}$ male and $Rh^{+ve}$ female
B
$Rh^{+ve}$ male and $Rh^{-ve}$ female
C
$Rh^{-ve}$ male and $Rh^{-ve}$ female
D
$Rh^{-ve}$ male and $Rh^{+ve}$ female
Solution
(B) Erythroblastosis fetalis occurs when an $Rh^{-ve}$ mother carries an $Rh^{+ve}$ fetus.
During the first pregnancy,the mother's blood is exposed to the $Rh$ antigens of the fetus during delivery,causing her body to produce anti-$Rh$ antibodies.
In subsequent pregnancies,if the fetus is again $Rh^{+ve}$,these maternal antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy the fetal red blood cells,leading to severe anemia or jaundice.
Therefore,this condition is observed in marriages between an $Rh^{+ve}$ male and an $Rh^{-ve}$ female.
During the first pregnancy,the mother's blood is exposed to the $Rh$ antigens of the fetus during delivery,causing her body to produce anti-$Rh$ antibodies.
In subsequent pregnancies,if the fetus is again $Rh^{+ve}$,these maternal antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy the fetal red blood cells,leading to severe anemia or jaundice.
Therefore,this condition is observed in marriages between an $Rh^{+ve}$ male and an $Rh^{-ve}$ female.
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110
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2000
The pulmonary artery is distinguished from the pulmonary vein by having:
A
Wide lumen
B
Thick muscular walls
C
No endothelium
D
Valves
Solution
(B) The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs,while the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. Arteries,in general,have thicker muscular walls compared to veins to withstand the high pressure of blood pumped by the heart. Veins typically have a wider lumen and contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood,whereas arteries (except for the aorta and pulmonary artery at their origin) generally lack valves.
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111
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2000
Which of the following is true regarding white blood cells $(WBCs)$?
A
They can pass through the walls of blood capillaries.
B
They are devoid of a nucleus.
C
$A$ decrease in their number indicates cancer.
D
They originate in the thymus.
Solution
(A) White blood cells $(WBCs)$,also known as leukocytes,are nucleated cells.
They exhibit a property called diapedesis,which allows them to squeeze through the walls of blood capillaries to reach the site of infection or injury.
Option $B$ is incorrect because $WBCs$ possess a nucleus.
Option $C$ is incorrect because an increase in $WBC$ count (leukocytosis) is often associated with infections or leukemia (blood cancer),not a decrease.
Option $D$ is incorrect because $WBCs$ are produced in the bone marrow,although some lymphocytes mature in the thymus.
They exhibit a property called diapedesis,which allows them to squeeze through the walls of blood capillaries to reach the site of infection or injury.
Option $B$ is incorrect because $WBCs$ possess a nucleus.
Option $C$ is incorrect because an increase in $WBC$ count (leukocytosis) is often associated with infections or leukemia (blood cancer),not a decrease.
Option $D$ is incorrect because $WBCs$ are produced in the bone marrow,although some lymphocytes mature in the thymus.
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112
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2000
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy $(BSE)$ is a disease in cattle. Which of the following human diseases is related to it?
A
Kala-azar
B
Encephalitis
C
Cerebral spondylitis
D
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Solution
(D) Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy $(BSE)$,commonly known as 'mad cow disease',is a progressive neurological disorder in cattle.
It is caused by prions,which are misfolded proteins that can induce abnormal folding of normal cellular proteins in the brain.
In humans,the consumption of meat from $BSE$-infected cattle can lead to a variant form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease $(vCJD)$.
This is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the rapid deterioration of brain tissue,leading to sponge-like holes in the brain.
It is caused by prions,which are misfolded proteins that can induce abnormal folding of normal cellular proteins in the brain.
In humans,the consumption of meat from $BSE$-infected cattle can lead to a variant form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease $(vCJD)$.
This is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the rapid deterioration of brain tissue,leading to sponge-like holes in the brain.
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113
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2000
Special types of roots called pneumatophores are found in plants growing in ............ .
A
Sandy soil
B
Saline soil
C
Marshy and swampy areas
D
Dry regions
Solution
(C) Pneumatophores are specialized respiratory roots found in plants like $Rhizophora$ that grow in swampy and marshy areas.
These roots grow vertically upwards (negatively geotropic) out of the ground to obtain oxygen for respiration because the soil in these areas is waterlogged and lacks sufficient oxygen.
These roots grow vertically upwards (negatively geotropic) out of the ground to obtain oxygen for respiration because the soil in these areas is waterlogged and lacks sufficient oxygen.
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114
BiologyMediumMCQAIPMT · 2000
Which of the following is responsible for the mechanical support, protein synthesis and enzyme transport?
A
Cell membrane
B
Mitochondria
C
Dictyosome
D
Endoplasmic reticulum
Solution
(D) Endoplasmic reticulum $(ER)$ is a network of membranous tubules and sacs present in the cytoplasm.
Rough $ER$ is studded with ribosomes and is primarily responsible for protein synthesis and the transport of enzymes.
Additionally, the $ER$ provides mechanical support to the cytoplasm, acting as a structural framework or cytoskeleton.
Rough $ER$ is studded with ribosomes and is primarily responsible for protein synthesis and the transport of enzymes.
Additionally, the $ER$ provides mechanical support to the cytoplasm, acting as a structural framework or cytoskeleton.
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