BiologyQ1–14 of 14 questions
Page 1 of 1 · English
1
BiologyMediumMCQAIIMS · 1996
$A$ system of classification in which a large number of traits are considered is
A
Artificial system
B
Synthetic system
C
Natural system
D
Phylogenetic system
Solution
(C) The correct answer is $C$.
In the natural system of classification,organisms are arranged according to their natural affinities by considering a large number of traits,including structural,cytological,reproductive,and biochemical characteristics.
This approach helps in identifying homologies between different organisms,providing a more comprehensive understanding of their relationships compared to artificial systems,which rely on only a few superficial characters.
In the natural system of classification,organisms are arranged according to their natural affinities by considering a large number of traits,including structural,cytological,reproductive,and biochemical characteristics.
This approach helps in identifying homologies between different organisms,providing a more comprehensive understanding of their relationships compared to artificial systems,which rely on only a few superficial characters.
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2
BiologyEasyMCQAIIMS · 1996
The specimen used for the original publication by the author is known as:
A
Holotype
B
Isotype
C
Syntype
D
Lectotype
Solution
(A) The correct answer is $A$.
$A$ $Holotype$ is a single specimen or element used by the author or designated by the author as the nomenclatural type at the time of the original publication of a species description.
$B$ $Isotype$ is any duplicate of the holotype.
$C$ $Syntype$ is any one of two or more specimens cited by the author when no holotype was designated.
$D$ $Lectotype$ is a specimen selected from the original material to serve as the nomenclatural type when no holotype was designated at the time of publication.
$A$ $Holotype$ is a single specimen or element used by the author or designated by the author as the nomenclatural type at the time of the original publication of a species description.
$B$ $Isotype$ is any duplicate of the holotype.
$C$ $Syntype$ is any one of two or more specimens cited by the author when no holotype was designated.
$D$ $Lectotype$ is a specimen selected from the original material to serve as the nomenclatural type when no holotype was designated at the time of publication.
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3
BiologyEasyMCQAIIMS · 1996
Microsporangia of $Cycas$ occur over microsporophyll:
A
Adaxially
B
Abaxially
C
Laterally
D
Marginally
Solution
(B) In $Cycas$,the microsporophylls are scale-like structures that bear numerous microsporangia on their abaxial (lower) surface.
These microsporangia are often arranged in groups called sori.
The terminal portion of the microsporophyll is typically sterile and pointed,while the abaxial surface is fertile.
These microsporangia are often arranged in groups called sori.
The terminal portion of the microsporophyll is typically sterile and pointed,while the abaxial surface is fertile.
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4
BiologyMediumMCQAIIMS · 1996
Even though the ventricles of reptiles are partitioned,there is still mixing of blood. Why?
A
Due to common ejection and entrance of blood in the lungs
B
Auricles are non-partitioned
C
Heart is partially four-chambered
D
None of these
Solution
(C) In reptiles (except crocodiles),the heart is three-chambered,consisting of two auricles and one incompletely divided ventricle.
Because the ventricular septum is incomplete,oxygenated blood from the left auricle and deoxygenated blood from the right auricle mix within the ventricle before being pumped out to the body.
Therefore,the heart is considered to be partially four-chambered,which leads to the mixing of blood.
Because the ventricular septum is incomplete,oxygenated blood from the left auricle and deoxygenated blood from the right auricle mix within the ventricle before being pumped out to the body.
Therefore,the heart is considered to be partially four-chambered,which leads to the mixing of blood.
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5
BiologyMediumMCQAIIMS · 1996
Phyllotaxis is
A
Mode of leaf arrangement on stem
B
Types of roots
C
Arrangement of sepals and petals in a flower
D
Type of ovary
Solution
(A) Phyllotaxis is defined as the pattern or mode of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch. There are mainly three types of phyllotaxis: alternate,opposite and whorled.
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6
BiologyMediumMCQAIIMS · 1996
Which of the following is regarded as equivalent to perianth?
A
Glume
B
Lodicule
C
Superior palea
D
Inferior palea
Solution
(B) In the family $Poaceae$ (Gramineae),the perianth is highly reduced and represented by $2-3$ small,scale-like,membranous structures known as lodicules.
These lodicules are considered homologous to the perianth (tepals) of other monocots.
Therefore,the correct option is $B$.
These lodicules are considered homologous to the perianth (tepals) of other monocots.
Therefore,the correct option is $B$.
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7
BiologyMediumMCQAIIMS · 1996
Some flowers $(e.g., Oxalis)$ open in the morning and close during evening because of
A
Photonasty
B
Phototropism
C
Phototaxis
D
Nyctinasty
Solution
(A) The opening and closing of flowers in response to light intensity is known as photonasty.
In $Oxalis$, the flowers open in the morning due to the presence of light and close in the evening when the light intensity decreases.
This is a non-directional movement of plant parts in response to light, which is distinct from phototropism (growth movement towards light) or phototaxis (locomotory movement).
In $Oxalis$, the flowers open in the morning due to the presence of light and close in the evening when the light intensity decreases.
This is a non-directional movement of plant parts in response to light, which is distinct from phototropism (growth movement towards light) or phototaxis (locomotory movement).
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8
BiologyMediumMCQAIIMS · 1996
Bulliform cells in grass leaves show
A
Growth movements
B
Tropic movements
C
Nastic movements
D
Turgor movements
Solution
(D) Bulliform cells are large,bubble-shaped epidermal cells present in the upper epidermis of grass leaves.
These cells are thin-walled and contain a large vacuole.
When water is abundant,they become turgid,causing the leaf to unfold.
When water is scarce,they lose water and become flaccid,causing the leaf to roll inward to reduce the surface area and minimize transpiration.
This reversible change in shape due to changes in turgor pressure is known as turgor movement.
These cells are thin-walled and contain a large vacuole.
When water is abundant,they become turgid,causing the leaf to unfold.
When water is scarce,they lose water and become flaccid,causing the leaf to roll inward to reduce the surface area and minimize transpiration.
This reversible change in shape due to changes in turgor pressure is known as turgor movement.
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9
BiologyMediumMCQAIIMS · 1996
Recurrence of high temperature in malaria at intervals is due to completion of
A
Erythrocytic schizogony
B
Sporogony
C
Gamogony
D
Exoerythrocytic schizogony
Solution
(A) In malaria,the periodic recurrence of high fever and chills is caused by the release of toxic substances known as $hemozoin$ into the blood. This release occurs when the $Plasmodium$ parasite completes its $erythrocytic$ $schizogony$ cycle,leading to the rupture of infected red blood cells. The cycle of fever corresponds to the time taken for the parasite to complete this asexual reproduction phase within the human red blood cells.
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10
BiologyMediumMCQAIIMS · 1996
Arrhenotoky is a type of parthenogenetic development found in:
A
All insects
B
Mosquitoes
C
Butterflies
D
Honey bees,wasps,and ants
Solution
(D) Arrhenotoky is a form of parthenogenesis where unfertilized eggs develop into haploid males. This process is commonly observed in Hymenopteran insects such as honey bees,wasps,and ants. In these organisms,the queen lays unfertilized eggs that develop into males (drones),while fertilized eggs develop into females (workers or queens).
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11
BiologyEasyMCQAIIMS · 1996
Deciduous forests have
A
Variety of grasses
B
Broad-leaved trees
C
Narrow-leaved trees
D
Variety of crocodiles
Solution
(B) Deciduous forests are characterized by trees that shed their leaves annually. The dominant climax vegetation in these forests consists of broad-leaved hardwood (dicot) trees such as Oak,Elm,Maple,and Birch.
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12
BiologyMediumMCQAIIMS · 1996
'Social forestry' aims at
A
Growing different types of plantations together
B
Growing one type of trees on the land
C
Management of forests by village bodies
D
Management of forests by cooperative societies
Solution
(C) The concept of 'Social forestry' was introduced in $1976$ by the National Commission on Agriculture $(NCA)$.
It aims at the management and protection of forests and afforestation on barren lands with the purpose of helping in environmental,social,and rural development.
It involves the participation of local communities and village bodies in raising quick-growing,multipurpose plants on common village lands to meet the requirements of fodder,firewood,and small timber for the rural population.
It aims at the management and protection of forests and afforestation on barren lands with the purpose of helping in environmental,social,and rural development.
It involves the participation of local communities and village bodies in raising quick-growing,multipurpose plants on common village lands to meet the requirements of fodder,firewood,and small timber for the rural population.
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13
BiologyMediumMCQAIIMS · 1996
Decrease in species diversity in tropical countries is mainly due to
A
Urbanisation
B
Pollution
C
Deforestation
D
Soil erosion
Solution
(C) The primary cause for the loss of biodiversity in tropical regions is the destruction of natural habitats,specifically deforestation.
Tropical rainforests are known as the 'lungs of the planet' and harbor a vast majority of the world's species.
Large-scale clearing of these forests for agriculture,cattle ranching,and logging leads to habitat fragmentation and loss,which directly results in a significant decline in species diversity.
Tropical rainforests are known as the 'lungs of the planet' and harbor a vast majority of the world's species.
Large-scale clearing of these forests for agriculture,cattle ranching,and logging leads to habitat fragmentation and loss,which directly results in a significant decline in species diversity.
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14
BiologyEasyMCQAIIMS · 1996
The camel's hump is composed of a tissue,which provides water when it is oxidized.
A
Skeletal
B
Muscular
C
Areolar
D
Adipose
Solution
(D) The camel's hump is primarily composed of adipose tissue (fat).
When the camel is deprived of food and water,this stored fat undergoes metabolic oxidation.
The chemical reaction of fat oxidation produces energy and metabolic water as a byproduct,which helps the camel survive in arid desert conditions.
When the camel is deprived of food and water,this stored fat undergoes metabolic oxidation.
The chemical reaction of fat oxidation produces energy and metabolic water as a byproduct,which helps the camel survive in arid desert conditions.
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