Mix Examples - Structural Organisation In Animals Questions in English

(D) The correct matching is as follows:
$1$. $(a)$ Bronchioles: These are lined with ciliated epithelium to help move mucus and trapped particles out of the lungs. Thus,$(a) - (iv)$.
$2$. $(b)$ Goblet cell: These are specialized unicellular glandular cells that secrete mucus. Thus,$(b) - (iii)$.
$3$. $(c)$ Tendons: These are structures that attach skeletal muscles to bones and are composed of dense regular connective tissue. Thus,$(c) - (i)$.
$4$. $(d)$ Adipose Tissue: This is a type of loose connective tissue located mainly beneath the skin,specialized for fat storage. Thus,$(d) - (ii)$.
Therefore,the correct sequence is $(a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)$.

(B) The biological organization in complex animals follows a hierarchical structure:
$1$. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
$2$. $A$ group of similar cells performing a specific function forms a Tissue.
$3$. Different tissues organized together to perform a specific function form an Organ.
$4$. Different organs working together to perform a complex physiological function form an Organ system.
$5$. The integration of various organ systems results in the formation of a Complex body.
Therefore,the correct sequence is: Cells $\rightarrow$ Tissues $\rightarrow$ Organs $\rightarrow$ Organ systems $\rightarrow$ Complex body.

(C) In higher animals,the body is composed of four basic types of tissues:
$1$. Epithelial tissue (covers or lines body surfaces).
$2$. Connective tissue (supports and binds other tissues).
$3$. Muscular tissue (responsible for movement).
$4$. Neural tissue (controls and coordinates body activities).
Therefore,the correct answer is $4$.

(A) In biological organization,cells aggregate to form tissues. When two or more different types of tissues are organized in a specific proportion and pattern to perform a common function,they form an organ. For example,the stomach consists of epithelial,connective,muscular,and nervous tissues working together.

(A) Let us analyze each statement:
$(a)$ Bones provide a structural framework,supporting and protecting softer tissues and organs. This is a correct statement.
$(b)$ Limb bones are responsible for weight-bearing and locomotion. This is a correct statement.
$(c)$ Bone marrow,not ligaments,is the site of production of blood cells. This is an incorrect statement.
$(d)$ Adipose tissue is a type of loose connective tissue specialized to store fats. This is a correct statement.
$(e)$ Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones,whereas ligaments attach one bone to another. This is an incorrect statement.
Therefore,statements $(a), (b),$ and $(d)$ are correct. The correct option is $A$.

(D) Statement $(a)$ is correct: In male cockroaches,a mushroom-shaped gland is present in the $6^{th}-7^{th}$ abdominal segments,which acts as an accessory reproductive gland.
Statement $(b)$ is correct: Cockroaches excrete uric acid as their primary nitrogenous waste,making them uricotelic.
Statement $(c)$ is correct: The fat body,nephrocytes,and uricose glands are specialized structures that assist in the process of excretion in cockroaches.
Statement $(d)$ is correct: The circulatory system of a cockroach is open-type. Blood from the sinuses enters the heart through ostia and is pumped anteriorly into the sinuses again.
Since all the statements $(a), (b), (c),$ and $(d)$ are correct,the correct option is $D$.

(D) In series $(a)$,the odd one is Urinary bladder because Fat body and Nephrocyte are excretory structures found in cockroaches,whereas the Urinary bladder is not present in cockroaches.
In series $(b)$,the odd one is Muscle because Blood,Bone,and Cartilage are types of connective tissues,whereas Muscle is a type of muscular tissue.
In series $(c)$,the odd one is Nerve because Skeletal,Cardiac,and Smooth muscles are types of muscular tissues,whereas Nerve is a type of neural tissue.
Therefore,the correct sequence is $(a)-$Urinary bladder,$(b)-$Muscle,$(c)-$Nerve.

(B) The $3$ primary germ layers are ectoderm,mesoderm,and endoderm.
$1$. Stomodaeum (foregut) is derived from the ectoderm.
$2$. The retina of the eye is derived from the ectoderm (neuroectoderm).
$3$. The enamel of teeth is derived from the ectoderm (ameloblasts).
$4$. The adrenal cortex is derived from the mesoderm,while the adrenal medulla is derived from the ectoderm.
Therefore,the adrenal cortex is the correct answer as it is not an ectodermal derivative.

(B) Bony skeleton.
The mesoderm,which is the middle layer of cells in the gastrula located between the ectoderm and endoderm,develops into the bony skeleton,muscles,circulatory system,and dermis of the skin.
In contrast,the spinal cord,epidermis,and lens of the eye are derived from the ectoderm.

(C) The correct answer is $A, C$ and $D$ only.
$1$. Ectoderm gives rise to the epidermis of the skin.
$2$. Mesoderm gives rise to muscles and the notochord.
$3$. Dermis is derived from the mesoderm,not the endoderm.
$4$. Enamel of teeth is derived from the ectoderm,not the endoderm.