Enzymes and Hormones Questions in English

(A) The enzyme obtained from malt is known as diastase.
Diastase is responsible for the hydrolysis of starch into maltose.
Therefore,the reaction is: $\text{Starch} \xrightarrow{\text{Diastase}} \text{Maltose}$.
Thus,$X$ is starch and $Y$ is maltose.

(B) Proteins are hydrolyzed into $\alpha$-amino acids in the presence of proteolytic enzymes. Both $Pepsin$ and $Trypsin$ are proteolytic enzymes. However,in the context of standard biochemical pathways for protein digestion in the small intestine,$Trypsin$ is the primary enzyme responsible for the conversion of proteins into smaller peptides and $\alpha$-amino acids. $Pepsin$ acts primarily in the stomach.

(C) Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by the pancreas.
It is transported to different body parts via the bloodstream.
Insulin acts by binding to specific insulin receptors located on the surface of the target cells.
These receptors are transmembrane proteins,meaning its primary site of action is the $plasma \ membrane$.

(D) Enzymes are biological catalysts. They are highly specific in nature and catalyze various biological reactions within living organisms.

(D) The fermentation of glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide is catalyzed by the enzyme complex known as zymase,which is obtained from yeast.
The chemical reaction is as follows:
$C_6H_{12}O_6(aq) \xrightarrow{\text{Zymase}} 2C_2H_5OH(aq) + 2CO_2(g)$.

(D) Estradiol is the primary estrogen hormone responsible for the development of secondary female sexual characteristics and plays a crucial role in regulating the menstrual cycle.

(C) Thyroxine is an iodinated derivative of the amino acid Tyrosine.
Tyrosine is represented by the one-letter code '$Y$'.
Therefore,the pair $(A)$ Tyrosine $(Y)$ and $(B)$ Thyroxine is correct.