What are the Earth's magnetic elements? Define them and list them.
(N/A) To completely describe the Earth's magnetic field at any point on its surface,three physical quantities are required,which are known as the magnetic elements of the Earth. These are:
$(1)$ Magnetic Declination $(D)$: The angle between the geographic meridian and the magnetic meridian at a place.
$(2)$ Magnetic Inclination or Dip Angle $(I)$: The angle that the total magnetic field vector of the Earth makes with the surface of the Earth (horizontal) in the magnetic meridian.
$(3)$ Horizontal Component of Earth's Magnetic Field $(H_E)$: The component of the Earth's total magnetic field vector in the horizontal direction in the magnetic meridian. It is related to the total field $B_E$ and dip angle $I$ by $H_E = B_E \cos(I)$.
$(1)$ Magnetic Declination $(D)$: The angle between the geographic meridian and the magnetic meridian at a place.
$(2)$ Magnetic Inclination or Dip Angle $(I)$: The angle that the total magnetic field vector of the Earth makes with the surface of the Earth (horizontal) in the magnetic meridian.
$(3)$ Horizontal Component of Earth's Magnetic Field $(H_E)$: The component of the Earth's total magnetic field vector in the horizontal direction in the magnetic meridian. It is related to the total field $B_E$ and dip angle $I$ by $H_E = B_E \cos(I)$.
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$B_{V} = \text{vertical component of magnetic field} = \frac{\mu_{0}}{4\pi} \frac{2m \cos \theta}{r^{3}}$
$B_{H} = \text{horizontal component of magnetic field} = \frac{\mu_{0}}{4\pi} \frac{m \sin \theta}{r^{3}}$
where $\theta = 90^{\circ} - \text{latitude}$ as measured from the magnetic equator.
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$B_{V} = \text{vertical component of magnetic field} = \frac{\mu_{0}}{4\pi} \frac{2m \cos \theta}{r^{3}}$
$B_{H} = \text{horizontal component of magnetic field} = \frac{\mu_{0}}{4\pi} \frac{m \sin \theta}{r^{3}}$
where $\theta = 90^{\circ} - \text{latitude}$ as measured from the magnetic equator.
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