The vertical component of the earth's magnetic field is zero at a place where the angle of dip is.....$^o$

The relation between $Z_E, H_E$,and $B_E$ is . . . . . . .

What are the Earth's magnetic elements? Define them and list them.

Answer the following questions:
$(a)$ The earth's magnetic field varies from point to point in space. Does it also change with time? If so,on what time scale does it change appreciably?
$(b)$ The earth's core is known to contain iron. Yet geologists do not regard this as a source of the earth's magnetism. Why?
$(c)$ The charged currents in the outer conducting regions of the earth's core are thought to be responsible for earth's magnetism. What might be the 'battery' (i.e.,the source of energy) to sustain these currents?
$(d)$ The earth may have even reversed the direction of its field several times during its history of $4$ to $5$ billion years. How can geologists know about the earth's field in such distant past?
$(e)$ The earth's field departs from its dipole shape substantially at large distances (greater than about $30,000\; km$). What agencies may be responsible for this distortion?
$(f)$ Interstellar space has an extremely weak magnetic field of the order of $10^{-12}\; T$. Can such a weak field be of any significant consequence? Explain.

The horizontal component of Earth's magnetic field at a place is $3.5 \times 10^{-5} \,T$. $A$ very long straight conductor carrying a current of $\sqrt{2} \,A$ in the direction from South-East to North-West is placed. The force per unit length experienced by the conductor is $..............$ $\times 10^{-6} \,N/m$.

The ratio between the total intensity of the magnetic field at the equator to the poles is: