Classification of Polymer Questions in English

(A) Semi-synthetic polymers are derived from naturally occurring polymers by chemical modifications.
$1$. Cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate are semi-synthetic polymers derived from cellulose.
$2$. Vulcanized rubber is a semi-synthetic polymer where natural rubber is treated with sulfur.
$3$. $cis$-Isoprene is the monomer unit of natural rubber,which is a natural polymer,not a semi-synthetic one.

(D) Condensation polymers are formed by the repeated condensation reaction between two different bi-functional or tri-functional monomeric units,usually with the elimination of small molecules like $H_2O$,$HCl$,or $CH_3OH$.
$Polyethylene$,$PVC$,and $Orlon$ $(polyacrylonitrile)$ are addition polymers formed by the polymerization of unsaturated monomers.
$Terylene$ (also known as $Dacron$) is a polyester formed by the condensation reaction between ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid,with the elimination of water molecules.
Therefore,$Terylene$ is a condensation polymer.

(D) monomer is a molecule that can undergo polymerization to form a polymer. This typically requires the presence of a double bond or functional groups that can react.
$C_3H_6$ (Propene) contains a carbon-carbon double bond $(CH_2=CH-CH_3)$,which allows it to undergo addition polymerization to form polypropylene.
$CH_3CH_2Cl$,$CH_3CH_2OH$,and $C_6H_6$ do not typically act as monomers for addition polymerization under standard conditions.

(B) Cellulose is a naturally occurring polymer obtained from plants. $Cellulose \ acetate$ is prepared by the acetylation of cellulose with acetic anhydride in the presence of sulfuric acid. Since it is a derivative of a natural polymer,it is classified as a $Semisynthetic \ polymer$.

(B) $Nylon$ is a synthetic thermoplastic linear polyamide. It is characterized by the presence of the amide linkage $(-CONH-)$ in the polymer chain,which is why it is classified as a polyamide.

(B) The process of polymerisation in which two or more chemically different monomers take part to form a polymer is known as $Copolymerisation$.
For example,the reaction between $Adipic$ $acid$ and $Hexamethylene$ $diamine$ forms $Nylon-6,6$.

(B) Buna-$S$ is a copolymer formed by the polymerization of $1,3$-butadiene and styrene.

(A) Nylon is an example of a polyamide.
For example,Nylon-$6,6$ is a copolymer formed by the condensation polymerization of adipic acid $[HOOC-(CH_2)_4-COOH]$ and hexamethylenediamine $[H_2N-(CH_2)_6-NH_2]$.
It contains amide linkages $[-CONH-]$ in its backbone,hence it is classified as a polyamide,represented as $[-CO-(CH_2)_4-CO-NH-(CH_2)_6-NH-]_n$.

(B) The given structure represents $Nylon-6,6$.
$Nylon-6,6$ is formed by the condensation polymerization of two different monomers: hexamethylenediamine $(H_2N(CH_2)_6NH_2)$ and adipic acid $(HOOC(CH_2)_4COOH)$.
Since it is formed from two different types of monomers,it is classified as a copolymer.

(B) Polymers are classified based on the magnitude of intermolecular forces present between their chains.
Fibers are the polymers that have strong intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding or dipole-dipole interactions.
These strong forces lead to close packing of chains and impart crystalline character to the polymer.
$Nylon-6, 6$ is a fiber that contains strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the amide groups of the polymer chains.
Therefore,the correct option is $B$.

(A) Condensation polymers are formed by the repeated condensation reaction between two different bi-functional or tri-functional monomeric units,usually involving the loss of small molecules like $H_2O$,$HCl$,etc.
$Dacron$ (also known as $Terylene$) is a condensation polymer formed by the polymerization of ethylene glycol $(HO-CH_2-CH_2-OH)$ and terephthalic acid $(HOOC-C_6H_4-COOH)$.
$Neoprene$,$Teflon$,and $Acrylonitrile$ (which forms $PAN$) are addition polymers.
Therefore,the correct option is $A$.

(D) copolymer is a polymer formed from two or more different types of monomer units.
$Natural \ rubber$ is a homopolymer of isoprene.
$Polystyrene$ is a homopolymer of styrene.
$PAN$ $(Polyacrylonitrile)$ is a homopolymer of acrylonitrile.
$Bakelite$ is a copolymer formed by the condensation polymerization of phenol and formaldehyde.

(C) Condensation polymers are formed by the repeated condensation reaction between two different bi-functional or tri-functional monomeric units,usually involving the loss of small molecules like $H_2O$,$HCl$,or $NH_3$.
$1$. Protein is a natural condensation polymer of amino acids.
$2$. Nylon-$6, 6$ is a synthetic condensation polymer formed from hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid.
$3$. Bakelite is a condensation polymer formed from phenol and formaldehyde.
$4$. Buna-$S$ is an addition polymer (specifically a copolymer) formed by the addition polymerization of $1, 3$-butadiene and styrene.
Therefore,Buna-$S$ is not a condensation polymer.

(D) An addition polymer is formed by the repeated addition of monomer molecules possessing double or triple bonds without the loss of any small molecules.
Natural rubber is a polymer of isoprene ($2$-methyl-$1,3$-butadiene),which undergoes addition polymerization.
Nylon $6,6$,polyester,and Terylene are condensation polymers formed by the loss of small molecules like $H_2O$ or $CH_3OH$.

(A) homopolymer is a polymer formed from only one type of monomer unit.
$1$. Orlon (Polyacrylonitrile) is formed by the polymerization of acrylonitrile $(CH_2=CH-CN)$ only,hence it is a homopolymer.
$2$. Buna-$N$ is a copolymer of $1,3$-butadiene and acrylonitrile.
$3$. Dacron (Terylene) is a copolymer of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid.
$4$. Bakelite is a copolymer of phenol and formaldehyde.
Therefore,the correct option is $A$.

(C) condensation polymer is formed by the repeated condensation reaction between two different bi-functional or tri-functional monomeric units,with the elimination of small molecules like $H_2O$,$HCl$,or $NH_3$.
$Nylon-6,6$ is formed by the condensation polymerization of hexamethylenediamine $(H_2N(CH_2)_6NH_2)$ and adipic acid $(HOOC(CH_2)_4COOH)$.
Since it involves two different monomers,it is a co-polymer.
$PVC$ and $Styrene$ (Polystyrene) are addition polymers.
$Nylon-6$ is a condensation polymer but it is a homopolymer,not a co-polymer.

(B) Condensation polymers are formed by the repeated condensation reaction between two different bi-functional or tri-functional monomeric units,usually with the elimination of small molecules like $H_2O$,$HCl$,or $NH_3$.
$Terylene$,$Nylon-6,6$,and $Bakelite$ are examples of condensation polymers.
$PVC$ $(Polyvinyl \text{ } chloride)$ is an addition polymer formed by the polymerization of vinyl chloride $(CH_2=CHCl)$ monomers without the loss of any small molecules.

(D) Condensation polymers are formed by the repeated condensation reaction between two different bi-functional or tri-functional monomeric units,usually with the elimination of small molecules like $H_2O$,$HCl$,or $NH_3$.
$Dacron$,$Glyptal$,and $Nylon-6,6$ are examples of condensation polymers.
$BUNA-S$ (Styrene-Butadiene Rubber) is an addition polymer formed by the polymerization of $1,3-butadiene$ and $styrene$ via a free radical mechanism without the loss of any small molecules.
Therefore,$BUNA-S$ is not a condensation polymer.

(D) Bakelite is a copolymer formed by the condensation polymerization of phenol and formaldehyde. Therefore,the statement that Bakelite is a homopolymer is incorrect.

(C) Condensation polymers are formed by the repeated condensation reaction between two different bi-functional or tri-functional monomeric units,usually with the elimination of small molecules like $H_2O$,$HCl$,or $NH_3$.
$Bakelite$ is a cross-linked condensation polymer formed by the reaction of phenol and formaldehyde.

(D) Polymers are classified based on the magnitude of intermolecular forces present between the polymer chains.
$1$. Elastomers have the weakest intermolecular forces (e.g.,weak van der Waals forces).
$2$. Thermoplastics have intermediate forces.
$3$. Fibres have strong intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding or dipole-dipole interactions,which lead to close packing and crystalline nature.
$4$. Thermosetting polymers have the strongest intermolecular forces,as they are cross-linked polymers that form a three-dimensional network structure upon heating,making them hard and infusible.

(A) $Buna-N$ is a copolymer of $1,3-butadiene$ and $acrylonitrile$.
$PHBV$ (poly-$\beta$-hydroxybutyrate-co-$\beta$-hydroxyvalerate) is a copolymer of $3-hydroxybutanoic$ acid and $3-hydroxypentanoic$ acid.
Since both polymers are formed by the polymerization of two different types of monomeric units,they are both classified as copolymers.

(D) $Cis-polyisoprene$ is a polymer of $cis-isoprene$; it is natural rubber,which is a natural polymer,not a semisynthetic polymer.
Semisynthetic polymers are derived from naturally occurring polymers by chemical modifications,such as cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate.
Vulcanised rubber is also a modified form of natural rubber,making it a semisynthetic polymer.

(A) The statement $(A)$ is not true.
Chain growth polymerisation (or addition polymerisation) involves both homopolymerisation and copolymerisation.
For example,the polymerisation of ethene is homopolymerisation,while the polymerisation of a mixture of ethene and propene is copolymerisation.
Nylon $6$ is indeed formed by the ring-opening polymerisation of caprolactam,which is a type of step-growth polymerisation.
Step-growth polymerisation typically requires bifunctional monomers to form long chains.

(B) Nylon is a polyamide fibre. It is prepared by the condensation polymerisation of adipic acid $(HOOC-(CH_2)_4-COOH)$ and hexamethylene diamine $(H_2N-(CH_2)_6-NH_2)$.

(C) Polyamides are polymers containing amide linkages $(-CONH-)$ in their backbone.
$Nylon$ (e.g.,$Nylon-6,6$ or $Nylon-6$) is a well-known example of a synthetic polyamide.
$Teflon$ is a fluoropolymer,$Orlon$ is a polyacrylonitrile,and $Terylene$ is a polyester.

(B) An addition homopolymer is formed by the repeated addition of a single type of monomer unit without the loss of any small molecules.
$1$. $PAN$ (Polyacrylonitrile) is formed from acrylonitrile $(CH_2=CH-CN)$.
$2$. Teflon (Polytetrafluoroethylene) is formed from tetrafluoroethene $(CF_2=CF_2)$.
$3$. Neoprene (Polychloroprene) is formed from chloroprene $(CH_2=C(Cl)-CH=CH_2)$.
All three are addition homopolymers.
In contrast,Terylene,Nylon-$6$,Glyptal,Melamine,and Bakelite are condensation polymers or copolymers.

(D) Terylene (or dacron) is not an addition polymer.
It is a condensation polymer formed by the reaction between ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid.
It is classified as a polyester.

(B) polymer is a large molecule (macromolecule) composed of many repeating subunits called monomers.
$Teflon$ is a polymer of tetrafluoroethylene.
$Dacron$ (also known as $Terylene$) is a polyester polymer.
$PMMA$ (Polymethyl methacrylate) is a synthetic polymer.
$Acrolein$ $(CH_2=CH-CHO)$ is a simple unsaturated aldehyde,which acts as a monomer,not a polymer.

(C) Condensation polymers are formed by the repeated condensation reaction between two different bi-functional or tri-functional monomeric units,usually involving the loss of small molecules like $H_2O$,$HCl$,or $NH_3$.
$Dacron$ (Terylene) is a polyester formed by condensation of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid.
$Bakelite$ is a phenol-formaldehyde resin formed by condensation polymerization.
$Starch$ is a natural polymer formed by the condensation of glucose units.
$Buna-S$ is a synthetic rubber formed by addition polymerization of $1,3-butadiene$ and styrene. Therefore,it is an addition polymer,not a condensation polymer.

(C) The given structure represents the repeating unit of Nylon $6,6$.
Nylon $6,6$ is a condensation polymer formed by the reaction between two different monomers: adipic acid $(HOOC(CH_2)_4COOH)$ and hexamethylenediamine $(H_2N(CH_2)_6NH_2)$.
Since it is formed from two different types of monomers,it is classified as a copolymer.

(D) Linear polymers consist of long and straight chains. Cellulose,Terylene,and Nylon-$6$ are examples of linear polymers.
Vulcanised rubber is a cross-linked or branched chain polymer,which makes it a non-linear polymer.

(A) Cellulose is a natural polymer found in plants. $PVC$,polyethene,and Teflon are synthetic polymers.

(D) Nylon $6,6$ is a condensation polymer formed by the reaction between hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid with the elimination of water molecules.
Polystyrene,Neoprene,and $PAN$ (Polyacrylonitrile) are addition polymers.

(C) Polystyrene and polyvinyls (such as polyvinyl chloride) are polymers that soften on heating and harden on cooling.
These polymers can be repeatedly softened and reshaped,which is the characteristic property of $Thermoplastic$ polymers.
Therefore,they are classified as $Thermoplastic$ polymers.

(A) Condensation polymers are formed by the repeated condensation reaction between two different bi-functional or tri-functional monomeric units,usually with the elimination of small molecules like $H_2O$,$HCl$,or $CH_3OH$.
$Terylene$ (also known as $Dacron$) is a polyester formed by the condensation polymerization of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid.
$Buna-S$ is an addition polymer (copolymer) formed by the polymerization of $1,3-butadiene$ and styrene.
$PAN$ (Polyacrylonitrile) is an addition polymer formed by the polymerization of acrylonitrile.
Therefore,only $Terylene$ is a condensation polymer.

(B) Natural fibers are polymers that occur naturally in plants and animals.
$Cellulose$ is a natural polymer found in plants and is the main component of plant cell walls,which is used to produce natural fibers like cotton and linen.
$Bakelite$ is a synthetic thermosetting polymer.
$Rubber$ (natural) is a polymer of isoprene,but it is an elastomer,not a fiber.
$Nylon-6$ is a synthetic polyamide fiber.

(D) Nylon $6,6$ is formed by the condensation polymerization of two different monomers,adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine.
Since it is made from two different types of monomers,it is classified as a copolymer,not a homopolymer.

(B) polymer is defined as a substance composed of many repeating structural units.
Macromolecules are large molecules with high molecular mass.
While all polymers are macromolecules,not all macromolecules are polymers.
If a molecule has a high molecular mass but lacks repeating units,it is classified as a macromolecule,not a polymer (e.g.,proteins or certain natural lipids).

(B) Cellulose is a natural polymer. When cellulose is treated with acetic anhydride in the presence of sulfuric acid,it undergoes acetylation to form cellulose acetate. Since it is a derivative of a natural polymer,it is classified as a semi-synthetic polymer.

(B) co-polymer is a polymer formed from two or more different types of monomers.
Nylon-$6,6$ is formed by the condensation polymerization of hexamethylenediamine $(H_2N(CH_2)_6NH_2)$ and adipic acid $(HOOC(CH_2)_4COOH)$.
Since it involves two different monomers,it is a co-polymer.
Nylon-$6$,$PMMA$,and Polyethylene are examples of homopolymers.

(D) An addition homopolymer is formed by the repeated addition of a single type of monomer unit without the loss of any small molecules.
$1$. Polythene is formed from ethene $(CH_2=CH_2)$.
$2$. $PVC$ (Polyvinyl chloride) is formed from vinyl chloride $(CH_2=CHCl)$.
$3$. Neoprene is formed from chloroprene ($2$-chloro-$1,3$-butadiene).
All three are addition homopolymers.
Natural rubber is a homopolymer of isoprene,but Cellulose is a natural polysaccharide (copolymer/complex structure).
Nylon,Polyester,and Bakelite are condensation polymers.
Therefore,the correct set is Neoprene,$PVC$,and Polythene.

(A) Telomers are low molecular weight polymers formed by the polymerization of monomers in the presence of a chain transfer agent. These chain transfer agents become part of the polymer chain at the ends,meaning the polymer contains molecules other than the repeating unit. Therefore,the correct answer is $A$.

(A) condensation polymer is formed by the repeated condensation reaction between two different bi-functional or tri-functional monomeric units,or by the self-condensation of a single monomeric unit.
Nylon-$6$ is formed by the polymerization of caprolactam $(C_6H_{11}NO)$,which is a single monomeric unit.
Since it is formed by the condensation of a single type of monomer,it is classified as a condensation homopolymer.
Nylon-$6,6$,Nylon-$6,10$,and Dacron are condensation copolymers because they are formed from two different types of monomers.

(D) The strength of intermolecular forces in polymers follows the order: $Elastomers < Thermoplastics < Fibres < Thermosetting polymers$.
Fibres possess strong intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding or dipole-dipole interactions,which lead to close packing.
However,Thermosetting polymers are cross-linked polymers that form covalent bonds during molding,making them the strongest and most rigid among the given options.

(D) Addition polymers are formed by the repeated addition of monomer molecules possessing double or triple bonds without the loss of any small molecules.
$Polyethylene$,$Polystyrene$,and $Neoprene$ are examples of addition polymers.
$Terylene$ (also known as $Dacron$) is a condensation polymer formed by the condensation reaction between ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid with the elimination of water molecules.
Therefore,$Terylene$ is not an addition polymer.

(C) Teflon is a polymer of tetrafluoroethene $(CF_2=CF_2)$.
Styron (Polystyrene) is a polymer of styrene $(C_6H_5CH=CH_2)$.
Neoprene is a polymer of chloroprene $(CH_2=C(Cl)-CH=CH_2)$.
Since all these polymers are formed by the polymerization of a single type of monomer unit,they are classified as homopolymers.

(B) Cross-linked polymers are formed from bi-functional and tri-functional monomers and contain strong covalent bonds between various linear polymer chains. $Melamine$ formaldehyde resin is a classic example of a cross-linked polymer,which is used in making unbreakable crockery. $Orlon$ (polyacrylonitrile),$Teflon$ (polytetrafluoroethylene),and $Nylon$ are examples of linear or branched polymers,not cross-linked ones.

(D) Semi-synthetic polymers are derived from naturally occurring polymers by chemical modifications. $Rayon$ (cellulose acetate),$Cellulose \ nitrate$,and $Vulcanized \ rubber$ are examples of semi-synthetic polymers. $Resin$ (specifically natural resin) is a naturally occurring polymer obtained from plants. Therefore,$Resin$ is not a semi-synthetic polymer.