Introduction of Nitrogen Containing Compounds Questions in English

(B) To calculate the total number of electrons in the $-CONH_2$ group,we sum the atomic numbers of the constituent atoms and account for the extra electron due to the negative charge (if considered as an ion) or the bonding electrons.
For the neutral group $-CONH_2$ attached to a radical:
$C = 6$ electrons
$O = 8$ electrons
$N = 7$ electrons
$H_2 = 2 \times 1 = 2$ electrons
Total electrons $= 6 + 8 + 7 + 2 = 23$.
However,in the context of the $-CONH_2$ radical (amide group),it is treated as having one additional electron from the bond it forms with another atom.
Total electrons $= 23 + 1 = 24$.

(C) The correct answer is $(C)$.
$Ammonium$ sulphate,$(NH_4)_2SO_4$,is a well-known nitrogenous fertilizer that provides nitrogen to the soil.

(B) The given compound is $CH_3-CH_2-CH(NH_2)-CH_3$.
$1$. Identify the longest carbon chain containing the functional group $(-NH_2)$. The longest chain has $4$ carbon atoms,so the parent alkane is butane.
$2$. Number the chain from the end that gives the lowest locant to the functional group. Numbering from the right gives the $-NH_2$ group at position $2$.
$3$. The functional group $-NH_2$ is named as an amino prefix.
$4$. Combining these,the name is $2-$aminobutane.

(D) $1$. Identify the longest carbon chain containing the nitrogen atom. The longest chain is a pentane chain ($5$ carbons).
$2$. The nitrogen atom is attached to the $3^{rd}$ carbon of the pentane chain.
$3$. The nitrogen atom has two methyl groups attached to it,and the $3^{rd}$ carbon of the pentane chain also has a methyl group attached.
$4$. The $IUPAC$ name is constructed by naming the substituents on the nitrogen ($N, N-$dimethyl) and the substituent on the pentane chain ($3-$methyl).
$5$. Combining these,the correct $IUPAC$ name is $N, N, 3-$trimethylpentan$-3-$amine.

(D) The amide functional group is represented by the formula $-CONH_2$.
Among the given options,the structure in option $(D)$ contains the $-CONH_2$ group attached to a benzene ring,which represents benzamide,an amide.

(A) $1^{\circ}$ amine (primary amine) is an amine where the nitrogen atom is attached to only one alkyl or aryl group.
Ethylene diamine $(NH_2-CH_2-CH_2-NH_2)$ contains two primary amine groups $(-NH_2)$,where each nitrogen is attached to one carbon atom.
Dimethyl amine is a $2^{\circ}$ amine,trimethyl amine is a $3^{\circ}$ amine,and $N$-methyl aniline is a $2^{\circ}$ amine.
Therefore,the correct option is $A$.

(C) The given structure is $CH_3-C(NH_2)(CH_3)-CH_2-CO-CH_3$.
It is commonly known as $Diacetonamine$.
It is formed by the reaction of acetone with ammonia.

(D) Amines are derivatives of ammonia $(NH_3)$.
In a secondary $(2^{\circ})$ amine,two hydrogen atoms of the ammonia molecule are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups.
The general formula for a secondary amine is $R_2NH$,where $R$ represents an organic group.

(C) The $IUPAC$ name for $CH_3-NH-CH_3$ is $N$-methylmethanamine,which is commonly known as dimethylamine or methyl aminomethane.
In this structure,a nitrogen atom is bonded to two methyl groups and one hydrogen atom.
Therefore,the correct structural formula is $(CH_3)_2NH$ or $CH_3-NH-CH_3$.

(A) In the given structure,the nitrogen atom of the amine group is directly bonded to $2$ carbon atoms (one from the allyl group and one from the methyl group).
Therefore,it is classified as a secondary $(2^{\circ})$ amine.

(B) In a nitro-derivative,the nitrogen atom is directly bonded to a carbon atom ($C-NO_2$ bond).
$A$,$C$,and $D$ contain the $C-NO_2$ group,making them nitro-derivatives.
$B$ $(CH_3CH_2ONO)$ is an alkyl nitrite,where the nitrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen atom ($C-O-N=O$ bond).
Therefore,$CH_3CH_2ONO$ is not a nitro-derivative.

(A) The general formula for alkyl cyanide is $R-C \equiv N$.
In this structure,the alkyl group $(R)$ is covalently bonded to the carbon atom of the cyano group $(-CN)$.
Therefore,the alkyl group is attached to the $C$ of the $CN$ group.

(B) The reaction sequence is as follows:
$R-C \equiv N \xrightarrow{H_3O^+} R-COOH$ (Acidic hydrolysis of nitrile gives carboxylic acid).
$R-C \equiv N \xrightarrow{[H]} R-CH_2NH_2$ (Reduction of nitrile gives primary amine).
Therefore,'$X$' is a nitrile $(R-C \equiv N)$.

(C) Alkyl cyanides $(R-CN)$ are considered neutral compounds. The nitrogen atom in the cyano group has a lone pair of electrons,which makes them very weakly basic,but they are generally classified as neutral in most chemical contexts as they do not show significant acidic or basic properties in aqueous solutions.

(A) The azo group is defined as a functional group consisting of two nitrogen atoms double-bonded to each other,represented by the structure $-N=N-$. This group is characteristic of azo compounds.

(C) $Nitrobenzene$ $(C_6H_5NO_2)$ is a pale yellow oily liquid that is known for its characteristic odor,which resembles that of bitter almonds. It is commonly used in the manufacture of aniline and in the production of dyes and explosives.

(D) $N,N$-dimethylpropan$-1-$amine: $CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-N(CH_3)_2$ is a $3^o$ amine.
$N$-methylaniline: $C_6H_5-NH-CH_3$ is a $2^o$ amine.
Aniline: $C_6H_5-NH_2$ is a $1^o$ amine.
Therefore,the correct order is tertiary,secondary,primary,which corresponds to option $D$.

(D) All of the given compounds,$Nicotine$,$Piperine$,and $Coniine$,are naturally occurring nitrogenous organic compounds known as alkaloids.

(C) The structure of tertiary butylamine is $(CH_3)_3C-NH_2$.
In this molecule,the nitrogen atom is attached to only one carbon atom (the tertiary carbon).
Since the nitrogen atom is bonded to only one alkyl group,it is classified as a primary $(1^o)$ amine.

(B) $1$. $N,N$-dimethylpropan$-1-$amine: The nitrogen atom is attached to three carbon groups (one propyl and two methyl groups). Therefore,it is a $3^{\circ}$ (tertiary) amine.
$2$. $N$-methylaniline: The nitrogen atom is attached to one phenyl group and one methyl group. Therefore,it is a $2^{\circ}$ (secondary) amine.
$3$. Aniline: The nitrogen atom is attached to only one phenyl group. Therefore,it is a $1^{\circ}$ (primary) amine.
Thus,the classification is $3^{\circ}, 2^{\circ}, 1^{\circ}$.

(A) In alkyl cyanides (also known as nitriles),the general formula is $R-C \equiv N$.
Here,the alkyl group $(R)$ is directly bonded to the carbon atom of the cyano group $(-CN)$.

(A) In the given compound $CH_2 = CH - CH_2NHCH_3$,the nitrogen atom is directly bonded to two carbon atoms (one allyl group and one methyl group).
Since the nitrogen atom is attached to two alkyl groups,it is classified as a secondary $(2^{\circ})$ amine.

(C) Triaminobenzene is a benzene ring substituted with three amino $(-NH_2)$ groups.
In an amine,if the nitrogen atom is attached to only one carbon atom,it is classified as a primary $(1^\circ)$ amine.
Since each $-NH_2$ group in triaminobenzene is attached directly to the aromatic benzene ring (a carbon atom),all three amino groups are primary $(1^\circ)$ amines.

(D) In a secondary $(2^o)$ amine,the nitrogen atom is bonded to two organic groups ($R$ and $R'$) and one hydrogen atom.
The general formula is $R-NH-R'$.
Thus,it is formed by replacing two hydrogen atoms of $NH_3$ with organic groups.

(A) In the nitration of benzene,the reaction between nitric acid and sulfuric acid is as follows:
$HO-NO_2 + H-OSO_3H \rightarrow NO_2^+ + H_2O + HSO_4^-$
Here,$H_2SO_4$ is a stronger acid than $HNO_3$,so it donates a proton $(H^+)$ to $HNO_3$.
Since $HNO_3$ accepts a proton,it acts as a $Base$ in this reaction.

(A) primary amine is defined as an amine where the nitrogen atom is attached to only one alkyl or aryl group.
In the structure $R-NH_2$,the $-NH_2$ group is attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to only one other carbon atom (or no other carbon atoms,as in methylamine).
This carbon atom is classified as a primary $(1^{\circ})$ carbon atom.
Therefore,the amino group in a primary amine is attached to a primary carbon atom.

(C) The given compound is $CH_3CH_2NHCHO$.
This is an $N$-substituted amide.
The parent amide chain contains one carbon atom (from the $CHO$ group),which corresponds to methanamide.
The substituent attached to the nitrogen atom is an ethyl group $(CH_3CH_2-)$.
Therefore,the $IUPAC$ name is $N$-ethylmethanamide.

(C) The structure of isobutylamine is $(CH_3)_2CH-CH_2-NH_2$.
To name this according to $IUPAC$ rules,we identify the longest carbon chain containing the amino group.
The chain has $3$ carbons,so the parent alkane is propane.
The amino group is at the $1^{st}$ position,and there is a methyl group at the $2^{nd}$ position.
Thus,the $IUPAC$ name is $2-$methylpropan$-1-$amine.

(C) The given compound is a secondary amine: $CH_3-CH_2-NH-CH_3$.
In $IUPAC$ nomenclature for secondary amines,the longest carbon chain attached to the nitrogen atom is considered the parent alkane,and the other alkyl group attached to the nitrogen is named as an $N$-substituted group.
Here,the longest chain is an ethyl group ($2$ carbons),so the parent amine is $ethanamine$.
The other group attached to the nitrogen is a methyl group,denoted as $N$-methyl.
Therefore,the $IUPAC$ name is $N$-methylethanamine.

(B) The molecular formula $C_7H_9N$ corresponds to a degree of unsaturation of $4$. Given that it contains a benzene ring,the remaining atoms must form substituents on the ring. The possible structural isomers are:
$1$. Benzylamine $(C_6H_5CH_2NH_2)$
$2$. $o$-Methylaniline $(2-CH_3C_6H_4NH_2)$
$3$. $m$-Methylaniline $(3-CH_3C_6H_4NH_2)$
$4$. $p$-Methylaniline $(4-CH_3C_6H_4NH_2)$
$5$. $N$-Methylaniline $(C_6H_5NHCH_3)$
There are a total of $5$ structural isomers.

(B) $1$. Identify the longest carbon chain containing the functional group $(-NH_2)$. The longest chain has $5$ carbons,so the parent alkane is pentane.
$2$. Number the chain from the end closer to the functional group. The $-NH_2$ group is at position $2$.
$3$. Identify substituents: There is a methyl group at position $4$.
$4$. Combining these,the name is $4-$methylpentan$-2-$amine.

(B) The given compound is $CH_2 = CH - CH_2 - NH_2$.
The group $CH_2 = CH - CH_2 -$ is known as the allyl group.
Since an amino group $(-NH_2)$ is attached to this allyl group,the common name of the compound is allyl amine.

(D) The molecular formula $C_3H_9N$ corresponds to a saturated amine.
Structural isomers are categorized by the degree of the amine:
$1^o$ amines: $CH_3CH_2CH_2NH_2$ (propan$-1-$amine) and $CH_3CH(NH_2)CH_3$ (propan$-2-$amine).
$2^o$ amine: $CH_3CH_2NHCH_3$ ($N$-methylethanamine).
$3^o$ amine: $(CH_3)_3N$ ($N$,$N$-dimethylmethanamine).
Total number of structural isomers = $4$.

(A) The gas that leaked from the storage tank of the Union Carbide plant during the Bhopal gas tragedy was Methyl isocyanate ($CH_3-N=C=O$,also known as $MIC$).

(A) The Bhopal gas tragedy was caused by the accidental release of Methyl Isocyanate $(CH_3NCO)$ gas from the Union Carbide India Limited pesticide plant in $1984$.
Therefore,the correct option is $A$.

(B) The longest carbon chain containing the $-NH_2$ group has $3$ carbons,making the parent alkane propane.
Since the amine group is attached to $C1$,the suffix is $-1-$amine.
There is a phenyl group at $C1$ and a methyl group at $C2$.
Following $IUPAC$ nomenclature rules,we number the chain to give the functional group the lowest possible locant.
The correct name is $2-$methyl$-1-$phenylpropan$-1-$amine.

(C) The given compound is a tertiary amine with the structure $CH_3CH_2-N(CH_3)-CH_2CH_3$.
According to $IUPAC$ nomenclature for secondary and tertiary amines,the longest carbon chain attached to the nitrogen atom is chosen as the parent alkane.
Here,the longest chain is an ethyl group,so the parent is $ethanamine$.
The other two groups attached to the nitrogen atom are a methyl group and an ethyl group,which are treated as $N$-substituents.
Alphabetically,$ethyl$ comes before $methyl$.
Therefore,the correct $IUPAC$ name is $N$-ethyl-$N$-methylethanamine.

(C) The given compound is $CH_3-CH_2-NH-CHO$.
It is a secondary amide.
The parent chain contains the carbonyl group $(C=O)$,which has one carbon atom,making it a derivative of methanamide.
The ethyl group $(CH_3-CH_2-)$ is attached to the nitrogen atom.
Therefore,the $IUPAC$ name is $N$-Ethylmethanamide.

(A) An alkane amide is derived from a carboxylic acid $(C_nH_{2n}O_2)$ by replacing the $-OH$ group with an $-NH_2$ group.
For a saturated primary amide,the general formula is $C_nH_{2n+1}CONH_2$.
Expanding this,we get $C_{n+1}H_{2n+3}NO$.
However,if we consider the general formula in terms of the total number of carbon atoms $N$ (where $N = n+1$),the formula is $C_NH_{2N+1}NO$.
Given the options provided,$C_nH_{2n+1}NO$ represents the general formula for a primary amide $R-CONH_2$ where $R$ is an alkyl group $C_mH_{2m+1}$ and the total carbon count is $n = m+1$.

(A) To name the compound $CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH(CH_3)-CH_2NH_2$ according to $IUPAC$ rules:
$1$. Identify the longest carbon chain containing the functional group $(-NH_2)$. The chain has $4$ carbons,so the parent alkane is butane.
$2$. Number the chain starting from the carbon attached to the $-NH_2$ group to give it the lowest possible locant. Thus,the carbon attached to $-NH_2$ is $C-1$.
$3$. The substituents are two methyl groups at positions $2$ and $3$.
$4$. Combining these,the name is $2, 3-$dimethylbutan$-1-$amine.

(B) The given structure is a benzene ring attached to a nitrogen atom,which is further substituted by two methyl groups. This is a tertiary amine.
According to $IUPAC$ nomenclature for amines,the parent chain is the benzene ring,and the amine is named as a derivative of benzenamine (or aniline).
The two methyl groups are attached to the nitrogen atom,so they are indicated by the prefix $N,N$-.
Therefore,the correct $IUPAC$ name is $N,N$-Dimethylbenzenamine.

(C) The structure shown in the image is $R_2N-C(=O)H$.
This represents an $N$-substituted formamide,which contains the amide functional group $(-CONH-)$.
Therefore,the main functional group present is an amide.

(C) primary amine is an amine where the nitrogen atom is attached to only one carbon atom $(R-NH_2)$.
$1$. Secondary butyl amine $(CH_3CH_2CH(NH_2)CH_3)$ is a primary amine because the $NH_2$ group is attached to a carbon bonded to two other carbons.
$2$. Tertiary butyl amine $((CH_3)_3CNH_2)$ is a primary amine because the $NH_2$ group is attached to a carbon bonded to three other carbons.
$3$. $N$-methylethanamine $(CH_3CH_2NHCH_3)$ is a secondary amine because the nitrogen atom is attached to two carbon atoms.
Therefore,$N$-methylethanamine is not a primary amine.

(D) The structure shown is a tertiary amine with a nitrogen atom bonded to three alkyl groups: two ethyl groups and one methyl group.
According to $IUPAC$ nomenclature for tertiary amines, the longest carbon chain attached to the nitrogen is chosen as the parent alkane.
Here, the longest chain is an ethyl group (two carbons), so the parent is $ethanamine$.
The other two groups attached to the nitrogen are an ethyl group and a methyl group.
These are indicated as $N$-ethyl and $N$-methyl substituents.
Therefore, the correct $IUPAC$ name is $N$-ethyl-$N$-methylethanamine.

(B) The hydrolysis of urea $(NH_2CONH_2)$ in the presence of an acid,base,or the enzyme urease produces ammonia and carbon dioxide.
$NH_2CONH_2 + H_2O \rightarrow 2NH_3 + CO_2$
Subsequently,the carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid:
$CO_2 + H_2O \rightarrow H_2CO_3$ (Carbonic acid)
Therefore,the final product of complete hydrolysis is carbonic acid.

(N/A) The classification of amines is based on the number of alkyl or aryl groups attached to the nitrogen atom.
$(i)$ $1-$naphthylamine: The nitrogen atom is attached to one aryl group and two hydrogen atoms. Therefore,it is a primary $(1^{\circ})$ amine.
$(ii)$ $N,N$-dimethyl$-1-$naphthylamine: The nitrogen atom is attached to one aryl group and two methyl groups. Therefore,it is a tertiary $(3^{\circ})$ amine.
$(iii)$ $(C_2H_5)_2CHNH_2$: The nitrogen atom is attached to one alkyl group and two hydrogen atoms. Therefore,it is a primary $(1^{\circ})$ amine.
$(iv)$ $(C_2H_5)_2NH$: The nitrogen atom is attached to two alkyl groups and one hydrogen atom. Therefore,it is a secondary $(2^{\circ})$ amine.
Summary:
Primary $(1^{\circ})$: $(i)$ and $(iii)$
Secondary $(2^{\circ})$: $(iv)$
Tertiary $(3^{\circ})$: $(ii)$

(N/A) Amines are organic compounds that can be considered as derivatives of ammonia $(NH_3)$. They are obtained by the replacement of one,two,or all three hydrogen atoms of ammonia by alkyl and/or aryl groups.

(N/A) Amines are classified based on the number of hydrogen atoms replaced by alkyl or aryl groups in an ammonia molecule $(NH_3)$.
$(i)$ Primary $(1^{\circ})$ amines: When one hydrogen atom of ammonia is replaced by an alkyl $(R)$ or aryl $(Ar)$ group,we get $RNH_2$ or $ArNH_2$. Example: $CH_3CH_2NH_2$ (Ethanamine).
$(ii)$ Secondary $(2^{\circ})$ amines: When two hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups,we get $R_2NH$. Example: $CH_3NHCH_3$ ($N$-methylmethanamine).
$(iii)$ Tertiary $(3^{\circ})$ amines: When all three hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups,we get $R_3N$. Example: $(CH_3)_3N$ ($N,N$-dimethylmethanamine).
Aryl amines are those where the nitrogen atom is directly attached to an aromatic ring. Example: $C_6H_5NH_2$ (Aniline/Aminobenzene).
Amines are 'simple' if all alkyl/aryl groups are the same,and 'mixed' if they are different.

(N/A) Common nomenclature of amine compounds:
$(i)$ Primary alkylamine: In aliphatic amines,the compound is named by prefixing the alkyl group to the word 'amine' (e.g.,$C_2H_5NH_2$ is ethylamine).
$(ii)$ Secondary and tertiary alkyl amines: When two or more groups are the same,the prefix 'di' or 'tri' is appended before the name of the alkyl group (e.g.,$(CH_3)_2NH$ is dimethylamine and $(CH_3)_3N$ is trimethylamine).
Nomenclature of amine compounds in $IUPAC$ system:
$(i)$ In the $IUPAC$ system,amines are named as alkanamines,derived by replacing the '$e$' of the alkane with the word 'amine'. For example,$CH_3NH_2$ is methanamine and $CH_3CH_2NH_2$ is ethanamine.
$(ii)$ If more than one amino group is present at different positions in the parent chain,their positions are specified by numbering the carbon atoms bearing $-NH_2$ groups,and a suitable prefix such as 'di','tri',etc.,is attached to the amine. The letter '$e$' of the suffix of the hydrocarbon part is retained. For example,$H_2N-CH_2-CH_2-NH_2$ is named as ethane$-1,2-$diamine.
$(iii)$ For secondary and tertiary amine compounds,the position of substituents attached to the nitrogen atom is indicated by using the capital letter '$N$'.
$(iv)$ In arylamines,the $-NH_2$ group is directly attached to the benzene ring. $C_6H_5NH_2$ (aniline) is the simplest example of an arylamine.