Sexually Transmitted Diseases Questions in English

(A) Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium $Treponema$ $pallidum$.
It is a spirochete bacterium that belongs to the phylum $Spirochaetes$.
Therefore, the correct option is $A$.

(A) Syphilis is a chronic bacterial infection that is primarily transmitted through sexual contact.
It is caused by the spirochete bacterium known as $Treponema \text{ } pallidum$.
$Leptospira$ causes leptospirosis, $Pasteurella$ is associated with animal bite infections, and $Vibrio$ species are typically associated with diseases like cholera.

(C) The test for 'syphilis' is known as the $Wassermann$ test.
It was developed by the German bacteriologist August von $Wassermann$ in $1906$.
This test is a complement fixation test used for the diagnosis of $syphilis$,a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium $Treponema$ $pallidum$.

(B) $STD$ stands for Sexually Transmitted Disease.
Syphilis is a bacterial infection caused by $Treponema$ $pallidum$, which is primarily transmitted through sexual contact.
Measles is a viral respiratory infection.
Diphtheria is a bacterial infection affecting the mucous membranes of the throat and nose.
Cancer is a disease caused by the uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in the body.
Therefore, the correct option is $B$.

(D) Gonorrhoea is a bacterial infection caused by $Neisseria$ $gonorrhoeae$.
It is primarily treated using antibiotics such as ceftriaxone and azithromycin.
None of the plants listed ($Lactuca$ $sativa$,$Calotropis$ $procera$,or $Xeromphis$ $spinosa$) are standard medical treatments for curing gonorrhoea.
Therefore,the correct option is $D$.

(A) $1$. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium $Treponema$ $pallidum$. This is a correct match.
$2$. $AIDS$ is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus $(HIV)$, not $Bacillus$ $conjugalis$.
$3$. Gonorrhoea is caused by the bacterium $Neisseria$ $gonorrhoeae$, while $Leishmania$ $donovani$ causes Kala-azar (Leishmaniasis).
$4$. Typhoid is caused by $Salmonella$ $typhi$, whereas $Mycobacterium$ $leprae$ causes Leprosy.

(D) Syphilis is a chronic, systemic sexually transmitted infection $(STI)$.
It is caused by the bacterium $Treponema$ $pallidum$.
$Leptospira$ causes leptospirosis, $Vibrio$ is associated with cholera, and $Pasteurella$ is typically associated with animal bites.

(C) The $V.D.R.L.$ test stands for $Venereal$ $Disease$ $Research$ $Laboratory$ test.
It is a screening test used to detect the presence of antibodies against the bacterium $Treponema$ $pallidum$,which is the causative agent of Syphilis.
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection $(STI)$.
Therefore,the correct option is $C$.

(D) Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection $(STI)$ caused by the bacterium $Treponema$ $pallidum$.
It is a spirochete bacterium that can be transmitted through direct contact with a syphilis sore during sexual activity.
Therefore, the correct pathogen is $Treponema$ $pallidum$.

(D) The correct matches are as follows:
$A$. Gonorrhoea is caused by the bacterium $Neisseria \text{ gonorrhoeae}$ $(ii)$.
$B$. Syphilis is caused by the bacterium $Treponema \text{ pallidum}$ $(iii)$.
$C$. Genital warts are caused by the $Human \text{ papilloma virus}$ $(iv)$.
$D$. $AIDS$ is caused by the $Human \text{ Immunodeficiency Virus}$ $(HIV)$ $(i)$.
Therefore, the correct matching sequence is $A-ii, B-iii, C-iv, D-i$.

(B) The correct answer is $(b)$ Encephalitis.
$1.$ Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite $Trichomonas$ $\text{vaginalis}$.
$2.$ Syphilis is a bacterial infection typically spread by sexual contact, caused by the bacterium $Treponema$ $\text{pallidum}$.
$3.$ Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome $(AIDS)$ is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus $(HIV)$, which can be transmitted through sexual contact.
$4.$ Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain, usually caused by a viral infection (such as herpes simplex virus, West Nile virus, or rabies) or an autoimmune reaction. It is not classified as a sexually transmitted disease.

(D) is the correct statement.
$1$. Syphilis is caused by the bacterium $Treponema pallidum$. It is a sexually transmitted disease $(STD)$ that is primarily transferred through sexual intercourse with an infected person, not by sharing food or milk.
$2$. Haemophilia is an $X$-linked recessive genetic disorder of the blood, not an $STD$.
$3$. Genital herpes is an $STD$ caused by a virus, whereas sickle-cell anaemia is an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder, not an $STD$.
$4$. The chances of a $5$-year-old boy contracting an $STD$ are very little because $STDs$ are primarily transmitted through sexual contact, which is highly unlikely at this age.

(C) Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection $(STI)$ caused by the herpes simplex virus $(HSV)$.
It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact.
It is not a disease of the digestive or nervous system,although it can affect nerves.
It is characterized by painful blisters or sores in the genital area,making option $D$ incorrect.
Therefore,the correct statement is that it is transmitted through sexual intercourse.

(B) According to the $NCERT$ Biology textbook,Sexually Transmitted Diseases $(STDs)$ are reported to be very high among persons in the age group of $15-24$ years.
This age group is considered the most vulnerable due to increased sexual activity and lack of awareness regarding reproductive health and safety measures.

(D) Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that are primarily transmitted through sexual contact.
- $AIDS$ (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by $HIV$ and is an $STD$.
- Hepatitis-$B$ is transmitted through sexual contact,blood transfusion,and from infected mother to fetus.
- Gonorrhoea is a bacterial infection transmitted sexually.
- Chlamydiasis is a bacterial infection caused by $Chlamydia$ $trachomatis$ and is an $STD$.
- Haemophilia is a genetic disorder,not an $STD$.
- Cholera is a water-borne bacterial disease,not an $STD$.
- Malaria is a vector-borne disease caused by $Plasmodium$,not an $STD$.
Therefore,the group containing only sexually transmitted diseases is Gonorrhoea,hepatitis-$B$,and chlamydiasis.

(D) $STI$ stands for Sexually Transmitted Infections. These are diseases or infections which are transmitted through sexual intercourse.
$A$. Genital herpes is a viral $STI$ caused by the herpes simplex virus.
$B$. $AIDS$ (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by $HIV$ and is primarily transmitted through sexual contact.
$C$. Gonorrhea is a bacterial $STI$ caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
$D$. Malaria is a vector-borne disease caused by the protozoan Plasmodium,which is transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. It is not transmitted through sexual contact and therefore is not an $STI$.

(B) Sexually Transmitted Diseases ($STD$s) are infections transmitted through sexual contact.
To prevent $STD$ infections,one should follow these principles:
$1$. Avoid sex with unknown partners or multiple partners.
$2$. Always use condoms during coitus to act as a barrier against pathogens.
Blood transfusion $(iii)$ is a mode of transmission for diseases like $HIV$ and Hepatitis $B$,not a method of prevention.
Therefore,statements $(i)$ and $(ii)$ are correct methods for prevention.

$(A)$ The correct matches are as follows:
$A$. Gonorrhoea is caused by the bacterium $Neisseria$ $gonorrhoeae$ $(A-2)$.
$B$. Syphilis is caused by the bacterium $Treponema$ $pallidum$ $(B-3)$.
$C$. Genital herpes is caused by the $Herpes$ $simplex$ $virus$ $(C-4)$.
$D$. $AIDS$ is caused by the $Human$ $Immunodeficiency$ $Virus$ $(HIV)$ $(D-1)$.
Therefore, the correct sequence is $A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1$.

(B) Sexually transmitted diseases $(STDs)$ are infections that are spread primarily through sexual contact.
$AIDS$ (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by $HIV$ and is a well-known sexually transmitted disease.
Syphilis is a bacterial infection caused by $Treponema pallidum$ and is transmitted sexually.
Gonorrhea is a bacterial infection caused by $Neisseria gonorrhoeae$ and is transmitted sexually.
Color blindness is a genetic disorder (specifically an $X$-linked recessive trait) and is not a sexually transmitted disease.
Therefore, the correct answer is Color blindness.

(C) Sexually transmitted diseases $(STDs)$ like Gonorrhoea,Syphilis,and Chlamydiasis are caused by bacteria and can be completely cured if detected early and treated with appropriate antibiotics.
However,viral infections such as Genital herpes,Human Immunodeficiency Virus $(HIV)$ infection,and Hepatitis-$B$ are not completely curable.
Genital herpes is caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus $(HSV)$ and remains in the body for life,with periodic outbreaks,making it incurable.

(C) Sexually Transmitted Diseases $(STDs)$ are infections transmitted through sexual contact.
While many $STDs$ primarily affect the reproductive tract (e.g.,Syphilis,Genital herpes,Chlamydiasis,and Genital warts),some infections transmitted sexually have systemic effects or target other organs.
$AIDS$ (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by the $HIV$ virus,which attacks the immune system,specifically $CD4+$ $T$-cells,rather than the reproductive organs directly.
Hepatitis-$B$ is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver.
Therefore,both $AIDS$ and Hepatitis-$B$ are sexually transmitted but do not specifically target the reproductive organs.

(D) Sexually transmitted diseases $(STDs)$ are transmitted from one individual to another through sexual contact.
Adolescents and young adults are at the highest risk of acquiring these infections.
Preventive measures include:
$1$. Creating awareness among adolescents regarding the after-effects of $STDs$.
$2$. Using contraceptives,such as condoms,during sexual intercourse to prevent the transmission of pathogens.
$3$. Avoiding sexual contact with unknown partners or multiple partners,as they may be carriers of such diseases.
$4$. Consulting a medical specialist immediately if any symptoms appear or if there is any doubt,to ensure early detection and effective treatment.

(N/A) Infections or diseases that are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called sexually transmitted infections $(STIs)$,venereal diseases $(VD)$,or reproductive tract infections $(RTIs)$.
Examples include gonorrhoea,syphilis,genital herpes,chlamydiasis,genital warts,trichomoniasis,hepatitis-$B$,and $HIV$ infection,which is the most dangerous.
Some infections like hepatitis-$B$ and $HIV$ can also be transmitted by sharing injection needles,surgical instruments with infected persons,blood transfusion,or from an infected mother to the foetus.
Except for hepatitis-$B$,genital herpes,and $HIV$ infections,other diseases are completely curable if detected early and treated properly.
Early symptoms include itching,fluid discharge,slight pain,and swellings in the genital region. Infected females may often be asymptomatic,leading to delayed detection.
The social stigma attached to $STIs$ often deters individuals from seeking timely treatment,which can lead to complications such as pelvic inflammatory diseases $(PID)$,abortions,stillbirths,ectopic pregnancies,infertility,or cancer of the reproductive tract.

(N/A) $STIs$ pose a significant threat to a healthy society.
Prevention,early detection,and prompt treatment of these diseases are of prime importance.
The incidence of $STIs$ is notably high in the age group of $15-24$ years.
Remedies to prevent $STIs$ include:
$(i)$ Avoid sexual contact with unknown partners or multiple partners.
$(ii)$ Always use condoms during coitus to reduce the risk of transmission.
$(iii)$ In case of any doubt or symptoms,one should consult a qualified doctor for early diagnosis and undergo complete treatment if an infection is detected.

(B) The statement 'Precaution is needed for safety' primarily refers to the prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections ($STI$s) and reproductive tract infections.
To ensure safety,one should avoid coitus with unknown partners or multiple partners.
Using barrier methods like condoms $(Nirodh)$ during coitus is essential as they provide protection against the transmission of pathogens.
In case of any doubt or symptoms,one must seek professional medical guidance immediately to prevent complications.

(B) Copper-$T$:
Location: It is a copper-releasing Intrauterine Device $(IUD)$ placed in the uterus of the female.
Function: It releases copper ions $(Cu^{2+})$ which suppress sperm motility and the fertilizing capacity of sperms,thereby preventing pregnancy.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae:
Location: It is a pathogenic bacterium found in the reproductive tract of an individual suffering from the Sexually Transmitted Infection $(STI)$ known as Gonorrhoea.
Function: It causes the disease Gonorrhoea,which spreads through sexual contact with an infected person.

(N/A) Diseases or infections which are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called sexually transmitted diseases $(STDs)$,venereal diseases $(VD)$,or reproductive tract infections $(RTI)$.
Although awareness about these infections is widespread,these conditions are most frequently observed in the age group of $15$ to $24$ years.
$STDs$ are often referred to as 'self-invited' diseases because they can be largely prevented by adopting the following precautionary measures:
$(i)$ Avoid sexual contact with unknown partners or multiple partners.
$(ii)$ Always use condoms during sexual intercourse.
$(iii)$ In case of any doubt or symptoms,consult a qualified doctor for early detection and ensure complete treatment if diagnosed with an infection.

(N/A) $1$. Sexually Transmitted Diseases $(STDs)$ are infections or diseases which are transmitted through sexual intercourse with an infected person.
$2$. Reproductive Tract Infections $(RTIs)$ are infections that specifically affect the reproductive organs (e.g.,Gonorrhea,Syphilis,Chlamydia).
$3$. While diseases like Gonorrhea and Syphilis are both $STDs$ and $RTIs$ because they affect the reproductive tract,diseases like $AIDS$ (caused by $HIV$) and Hepatitis-$B$ are $STDs$ because they spread through sexual contact,but they are not classified as $RTIs$ because they do not primarily infect the reproductive tract organs.
$4$. Therefore,all $RTIs$ are $STDs$,but all $STDs$ are not $RTIs$.

(N/A) Diseases or infections which are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called sexually transmitted diseases $(STD)$,venereal diseases $(VD)$,or reproductive tract infections $(RTI)$. Common examples include Gonorrhoea,Syphilis,Genital herpes,Chlamydiasis,Genital warts,Trichomoniasis,Hepatitis-$B$,and $HIV$ leading to $AIDS$.
Two examples of $STDs$:
$1$. Gonorrhoea: Caused by the bacterium $Neisseria$ $gonorrhoeae$. Symptoms include painful urination and discharge.
$2$. Syphilis: Caused by the bacterium $Treponema$ $pallidum$. It progresses through stages,starting with sores (chancres).
Preventive measures:
$(i)$ Avoid sex with unknown partners or multiple partners.
$(ii)$ Always use condoms during coitus.
$(iii)$ In case of doubt,consult a qualified doctor for early detection and complete treatment.

(A) The correct matches are as follows:
$(a)$ $AIDS$ is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus $(HIV)$.
$(b)$ Gonorrhoea is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
$(c)$ Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.
$(d)$ Trichomoniasis is caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis.
Therefore, the correct matching is: $a-y, b-z, c-x, d-w$.

(B) Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact.
$1$. Gonorrhoea is a bacterial infection caused by $Neisseria$ \text{ gonorrhoeae}.
$2$. Syphilis is a bacterial infection caused by $Treponema$ \text{ pallidum}.
$3$. Genital herpes is a viral infection caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus $(HSV)$.
Cancer, Malaria, and Filaria are not classified as sexually transmitted diseases. Therefore, the correct option is $B$.

(A) Sexually transmitted diseases $(STDs)$ are infections that are transmitted through sexual contact.
$1$. Gonorrhoea is caused by the bacterium $Neisseria$ $gonorrhoeae$.
$2$. Syphilis is caused by the bacterium $Treponema$ $pallidum$.
$3$. Genital herpes is caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus $(HSV)$.
All three diseases listed in option $A$ are classic examples of $STDs$.
Malaria is a vector-borne disease,$AIDS$ is a viral disease (can be sexually transmitted but is not exclusively so),Filariasis is a helminthic disease,and Cancer is a non-communicable disease.

(A) $PID$ stands for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. It is an infection of the female reproductive organs,typically caused by bacteria that spread from the vagina to the uterus,fallopian tubes,or ovaries.

(C) $STIs$ stands for Sexually Transmitted Infections.
These are diseases or infections which are transmitted through sexual intercourse.
Examples include Gonorrhoea,Syphilis,Genital Herpes,Chlamydiasis,Genital Warts,Trichomoniasis,Hepatitis-$B$,and $AIDS$.
Cancer is a disease caused by the uncontrolled division of cells and is not transmitted through sexual contact.
Therefore,Cancer is not an $STI$.

(C) Sexually Transmitted Diseases $(STDs)$ are infections transmitted through sexual contact.
From the given list:
$1$. Gonorrhoea $(STD)$
$2$. Syphilis $(STD)$
$3$. Genital herpes $(STD)$
$4$. Chlamydiasis $(STD)$
$5$. Genital warts $(STD)$
$6$. Trichomoniasis $(STD)$
$7$. Hepatitis-$B$ $(STD)$
$8$. $AIDS$ $(STD)$
Cancer,Typhoid,and Malaria are not classified as $STDs$.
Therefore,there are $8$ diseases in the list that are $STDs$.

(A) $PID$ (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) is a common complication associated with $STDs$ (Sexually Transmitted Diseases).
When $STDs$ like chlamydia or gonorrhea are left untreated,the infection can spread from the vagina and cervix to the upper reproductive organs,including the uterus,fallopian tubes,and ovaries,leading to $PID$.
$PID$ can cause chronic pelvic pain,ectopic pregnancy,and,if severe or recurrent,it is a major cause of infertility.

(C) According to the $NCERT$ textbook,the age group of $15$ to $24$ years is considered the most vulnerable to $STDs$ (Sexually Transmitted Diseases).
This is due to high levels of sexual activity,lack of awareness,and biological factors during this developmental stage.
Therefore,the correct option is $C$.

(C) Sexually Transmitted Diseases $(STDs)$ are infections transmitted through sexual contact.
Some $STDs$ like Gonorrhoea,Syphilis,Chlamydiasis,and Trichomoniasis are completely curable if detected early and treated properly.
However,$AIDS$ (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome),Genital herpes,and Hepatitis-$B$ are not completely curable.
These infections persist in the body for a lifetime or require long-term management as they cannot be fully eradicated by standard antibiotic treatments.

(B) Sexually Transmitted Diseases $(STDs)$ are infections transmitted through sexual contact. The early symptoms of many $STDs$ are often minor and include itching,fluid discharge,slight pain,and swellings in the genital region. Many infected persons may remain asymptomatic in the early stages,which is why early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent complications like pelvic inflammatory disease $(PID)$,abortions,stillbirths,ectopic pregnancies,infertility,or even cancer of the reproductive tract.

(B) Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection $(STI)$ caused by the bacterium $Neisseria$ $\text{gonorrhoeae}$.
$AIDS$ is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus $(HIV)$.
Hepatitis-$B$ is caused by the Hepatitis-$B$ virus $(HBV)$.
Genital warts are caused by the Human Papilloma Virus $(HPV)$.

(D) Genital warts are a common sexually transmitted disease $(STD)$ caused by the Human papillomavirus $(HPV)$.
$A$. Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea.
$B$. Treponema pallidum causes syphilis.
$C$. Chlamydia trachomatis causes chlamydia.
$D$. Human papillomavirus $(HPV)$ is the causative agent for genital warts.

(B) The correct answer is option $B$ because Hepatitis-$B$,Genital herpes,and $HIV$ infections are not completely curable.
Other diseases mentioned in options $A$,$C$,and $D$ such as Gonorrhoea,Chlamydiasis,Syphilis,and Trichomoniasis are bacterial or parasitic infections that can be completely cured if detected early and treated properly with appropriate medication.

(C) Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that are spread primarily through person-to-person sexual contact.
$I.$ $AIDS$ (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by $HIV$ and is sexually transmitted.
$II.$ $Syphilis$ is caused by the bacterium $Treponema pallidum$ and is sexually transmitted.
$III.$ $Gonorrhea$ is caused by the bacterium $Neisseria gonorrhoeae$ and is sexually transmitted.
$V.$ $Hepatitis-B$ is caused by the $Hepatitis-B$ virus and can be transmitted through sexual contact.
$IV.$ $Malaria$ is a vector-borne disease transmitted by the bite of an infected female $Anopheles$ mosquito.
$VI.$ $TB$ (Tuberculosis) is an airborne bacterial disease caused by $Mycobacterium tuberculosis$.
Therefore,the sexually transmitted diseases are $I, II, III$ and $V$.

(B) $Syphilis$,$Gonorrhea$,and $Genital\; warts$ are infections that primarily affect the reproductive organs and the genital tract.
$AIDS$ $(Acquired\; Immuno\; Deficiency\; Syndrome)$ is caused by the $HIV$ $(Human\; Immunodeficiency\; Virus)$.
$HIV$ attacks the immune system by destroying $CD4+$ $T$-helper cells,which are essential for the body's defense mechanism.
Therefore,$AIDS$ is a systemic disease that affects the entire immune system rather than being restricted to the sex organs.

(C) Sexually Transmitted Diseases $(STDs)$ are infections that are spread primarily through person-to-person sexual contact.
$1$. Syphilis is a bacterial infection caused by the spirochete bacterium $Treponema$ $pallidum$.
$2$. Gonorrhea is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium $Neisseria$ $gonorrhoeae$.
Since both Syphilis and Gonorrhea are caused by bacteria, the correct option is $(c)$.

(A) Sexually Transmitted Diseases $(STDs)$ caused by viruses include:
$I. \;AIDS$: Caused by $HIV$ (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).
$II. \;Hepatitis-B$: Caused by $HBV$ (Hepatitis-$B$ Virus).
$III. \;Genital herpes$: Caused by Herpes simplex virus.
Since all three listed diseases are caused by viruses,the correct option is $I, II, \text{ and } III$.

(C) Diseases or infections,which are transmitted through sexual intercourse with infected persons,are collectively called Sexually Transmitted Diseases $(STDs)$,Venereal Diseases $(VD)$,or Reproductive Tract Infections $(RTI)$.

(D) The early symptoms of most Sexually Transmitted Diseases $(STDs)$ include itching,fluid discharge,slight pain,and swelling in the genital region.
Therefore,all the listed symptoms ($I, II, III,$ and $IV$) are common early indicators of $STDs$.
If these diseases are not treated in time,they can lead to severe complications such as Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases $(PID)$,abortions,stillbirths,ectopic pregnancies,infertility,or even cancer of the reproductive tract.

(B) Gonorrhea is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases $(STD)$ reported in India. It is caused by the bacterium $Neisseria$ $gonorrhoeae$.

(C) To prevent the transmission of $STD$s (Sexually Transmitted Diseases),the following measures should be taken:
$1$. Avoid sex with unknown partners.
$2$. Avoid sex with multiple partners.
$3$. Always use condoms (protected sex) during coitus.
$4$. Avoid sharing needles or surgical instruments that have not been sterilized.
$5$. In case of any doubt,consult a qualified doctor for early detection and treatment.
Since all the listed options $(I, II, III, IV)$ are effective preventive measures,the correct answer is $I, II, III, IV$.