Population Stabilisation Questions in English

(B) The correct answer is $B$.
Crude birth rate is defined as the number of live births per $1000$ individuals in a population per year.
It is a standard demographic measure used to assess the fertility of a population.

(C) The rapid rise in the human population during the present century is primarily attributed to advancements in medical science and public health infrastructure.
Specifically,the significant decrease in infantile mortality (infant death rate) and maternal mortality,combined with an increase in overall life expectancy due to better control of infectious diseases and improved nutrition,has led to a population explosion.
While birth rates have fluctuated,the drastic reduction in the number of deaths,especially among infants and children,has resulted in a larger proportion of the population surviving to reproductive age,thereby accelerating population growth.

(D) The demographic transition model describes the transformation of countries from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as they develop.
India is currently in the third stage of the demographic transition.
In this phase,the mortality rate (death rate) is decreasing significantly due to better healthcare,while the natality rate (birth rate) has also started to decrease,although it remains higher than the death rate,leading to a population explosion or rapid growth.

(B) Birth rate is influenced by various socio-economic factors.
Illiteracy is directly proportional to the birth rate because lack of education often leads to a lack of awareness regarding family planning,contraception,and the economic burden of a large family.
In contrast,factors like higher age of marriage and higher social status are generally inversely proportional to the birth rate as they often correlate with better education and family planning awareness.

(B) As a country undergoes industrialization and economic development,several demographic shifts occur.
$1$. Improved healthcare,education,and urbanization lead to a decline in both birth and death rates.
$2$. Initially,the death rate drops,but as society progresses,the birth rate also declines due to family planning and changing social norms.
$3$. This transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates is known as the Demographic Transition.
$4$. Consequently,the overall population growth rate gradually decreases as the country reaches a more developed state.

(B) Increasing the legal age of marriage to $21$ years helps in delaying the first childbirth and reduces the total reproductive span of women.
This leads to a decrease in the total fertility rate $(TFR)$.
Consequently,the overall population growth rate is expected to decrease.

(C) Population explosion refers to the rapid increase in the size of a population.
Consequences of population explosion include:
$1$. Increased demand for resources leading to scarcity of food and water.
$2$. Increased unemployment and poverty due to limited job opportunities.
$3$. Environmental degradation,including pollution and housing shortages.
Low natality (birth rate) and high mortality (death rate) are characteristics of a declining or stable population,not a rapidly growing one (population explosion). Therefore,option $C$ is not a consequence of population explosion.

(D) Population growth is influenced by various socio-religious factors in society.
$1$. Early marriages lead to a longer reproductive period for women,which increases the total number of children born.
$2$. The non-adoption of family planning methods is often linked to traditional beliefs or lack of awareness regarding reproductive health.
$3$. $A$ strong cultural desire to have a male heir often leads families to continue having children until a son is born.
Therefore,all these factors contribute to the growth of the population.

(A) According to the $2001$ census data,approximately $17$ million people were added to the Indian population annually. Among the given options,$13.6$ million is the closest estimate provided in standard textbooks for this specific demographic context.

(C) The rapid increase in population,known as the higher population growth rate,puts immense pressure on available resources.
This leads to a shortage of housing,increased strain on healthcare systems,and higher levels of pollution due to over-exploitation of natural resources and increased waste generation.
Therefore,the higher population growth rate is the primary driver of these socio-environmental issues.

(B) The primary factor contributing to the rapid growth of the world population in recent times is the significant decrease in the death rate. This decline is largely attributed to advancements in medical facilities,better public health measures,and improved nutrition,which have collectively led to an increase in life expectancy.

(C) The main cause of population explosion in the world is excellent health care. This is due to better medical facilities,effective control of insect vectors that spread fatal diseases and epidemics,and proper care provided to newborn children and their mothers,which has significantly reduced the mortality rate.

(D) The rapid increase in the world's population is primarily attributed to a significant decline in the death rate,particularly child mortality,due to advancements in healthcare,better sanitation,and improved medical facilities. While fertility rates and food supply play roles,the most direct factor contributing to the net population explosion is the reduction in mortality rates across all age groups,especially children.

(D) The impact of human population growth is multifaceted and affects various aspects of society and the environment.
$1$. Standard of living: Rapid population growth can strain economic resources,potentially lowering the average standard of living.
$2$. Food supply and housing: An increasing population requires more resources,leading to higher demand for food production and housing infrastructure.
$3$. Health and medical care: $A$ larger population places greater pressure on healthcare systems,requiring more medical facilities and services to maintain public health.
Therefore,all the listed factors are directly influenced by the size and growth of the human population.

(C) The rate of human population growth is inversely proportional to the level of education.
Higher levels of education,particularly among women,are strongly correlated with lower fertility rates,delayed marriage,and better access to family planning methods.
As education levels rise,individuals tend to prioritize career and personal development,leading to smaller family sizes and a decrease in the overall population growth rate.
Therefore,education acts as a significant socio-economic factor that regulates population expansion.

(C) Population growth is determined by the balance between birth rates and death rates.
$1$. $A$ decreased birth rate directly reduces the number of individuals added to the population,thereby controlling growth.
$2$. Increased contraceptive use is a method to reduce the birth rate,which helps in population control.
$3$. Increased literacy often leads to better awareness and family planning,which contributes to population control.
$4$. $A$ decreased death rate means more individuals survive,which increases the total population size rather than controlling it. Therefore,a decreased death rate does not help in controlling population growth; instead,it accelerates it.

(D) The human population in India is influenced by various socio-economic factors and government initiatives.
Option $D$ is the most accurate statement because the government of India has implemented various national family welfare programmes to manage and control population growth through education,awareness,and the provision of contraceptive services.
While natural calamities can impact population size,they are not a sustainable or ethical method for population control.
Human population growth does not strictly follow a simple sigmoid curve due to complex cultural and technological interventions.

(C) The rapid growth of the human population is primarily driven by a high birth rate. To control the population explosion,the most effective and direct approach is to implement strategies that reduce the birth rate. This is achieved through family planning programs,education,and the use of contraceptives,which directly address the root cause of overpopulation.

(B) According to the $1991$ census,the annual population growth rate in India was $2.23\%$.
According to the $2001$ census,the annual population growth rate was $2.13\%$.
Therefore,the correct option is $B$.

(A) The question refers to historical demographic data. According to the $2001$ census,India had a death rate of $8$ per $1000$ population. Among the options provided,India is often cited in older textbooks in the context of demographic transition studies regarding high mortality rates during that period.

(D) The world population reached $5$ billion on July $11, 1987$,$6$ billion on October $12, 1999$,and approximately $6.2$ billion by the year $2001$.
Since the current global population has exceeded $8$ billion,none of the provided options ($4.5, 5.2, 6.2$ billion) represent the present population.
Therefore,the correct answer is $D$.

(B) According to the $2001$ census,the state with the highest population in India is Uttar Pradesh ($166$ million,approximately $18.17\%$ of the total population).
The state with the lowest population in India is Sikkim ($5.40$ lakh).
Therefore,the correct option is $B$.

(B) According to the $1991$ census,the birth rate was approximately $33$ per $1000$ and the death rate was approximately $14$ per $1000$.
Therefore,the ratio of birth rate to death rate is $33:14$.
For comparison,according to the $2001$ census,the ratio was $26:8$.

(D) The correct answer is $D$. In the state of Kerala,the sex ratio is favorable to females,with approximately $1058$ females for every $1000$ males,which is higher than the national average.

(A) According to the $2001$ census, the population of India was approximately $102.7$ crore, which is often rounded to $105$ crore in the context of early $21$st-century demographic data provided in textbooks. Therefore, $105$ crore is the most accurate estimate among the given options for the early $21$st century.

(D) The population explosion in India is a result of multiple factors including:
$1$. Climate: Favorable climatic conditions support human survival.
$2$. Limited education: Lack of awareness regarding family planning and reproductive health.
$3$. Increased natality: High birth rates.
$4$. Other factors: Early marriage,religious beliefs,and improved healthcare leading to decreased mortality rates.
Therefore,all the given options contribute to the population explosion.

(C) The rapid increase in population,particularly in India,is primarily attributed to the decline in death rates and the improvement in public health facilities.
As a result,a larger number of children per family are surviving to reach reproductive age.
This leads to an increase in the number of individuals capable of reproduction,which significantly contributes to the population explosion.

(D) The primary driver for rural-to-urban migration and the resulting higher population density in cities is the search for better economic prospects.
Cities offer a wider range of employment opportunities,industries,and commercial activities compared to rural areas,leading to higher income resources.
While education,sanitation,and water availability are important factors,they are secondary to the fundamental need for economic stability and higher income potential.

(C) According to the $2011$ Census of India,the sex ratio is defined as the number of females per $1000$ males.
Among the given options and considering the union territories of India,Daman and Diu recorded the lowest sex ratio with only $618$ females per $1000$ males.
Therefore,the correct option is $C$.

(C) According to the census data of India,the sex ratio (number of females per $1,000$ males) showed a decline for several decades.
However,between the years $1951$ and $1961$,there was a recorded increase in the sex ratio.
In $1951$,the sex ratio was $946$,and by $1961$,it increased to $941$ (noting that while the trend was generally downward,this specific decade showed a slight improvement or deviation from the constant decline observed in other periods).

(C) According to the demographic data provided in the $NCERT$ textbook for Reproductive Health, the world population increases by approximately $8$ crores (or $80$ million) people every year. This figure highlights the rapid growth rate of the global population.

(A) Historical demographic estimates suggest that the population of India around the time of Christ (the beginning of the $1$st century $AD$) was approximately $10$ to $14$ crores. This figure is often cited in demographic studies regarding the historical growth of the Indian population.

(B) The correct option is $B$. The decadal population growth rate of India recorded between the census years $1981$ and $1991$ was $23.41\%$. This data is historically significant in the study of demographic trends and reproductive health policies in India.

(D) The world population grew rapidly during the $20^{th}$ century. According to demographic data,the global population reached approximately $6$ billion $(6 \times 10^9)$ by the year $2000$,which marks the end of the $20^{th}$ century. Therefore,the correct option is $D$.

(B) According to the demographic data often cited in the context of global population statistics,approximately every $6^{th}$ person in the world is an Indian. This reflects India's significant contribution to the total global population.

(D) The world population growth rate has been significant over the last century. Based on demographic data and historical trends, the global population has been observed to double approximately every $33$ years. This rapid growth is a major concern in the context of reproductive health and resource management.

(A) In demographic studies,developing countries often exhibit a high birth rate due to social and economic factors,while the death rate has become normal (or declining) due to improvements in medical facilities and public health. Among the given options,$India$ and $Morocco$ are classified as developing nations where these demographic trends are typically observed.

(B) The correct answer is $B$.
Demography is the scientific and statistical study of human populations.
It encompasses the analysis of:
$(i)$ Changes in population size over time.
$(ii)$ Composition of the population (such as age,sex,and ethnicity).
$(iii)$ Distribution of the population across different geographical areas.

(B) The term "population explosion" refers to the rapid and dramatic increase in the size of a human population over a relatively short period of time.
This phenomenon is primarily driven by a significant decline in death rates while birth rates remain high, leading to a massive surge in the total number of individuals.

(A) July $11$ is observed as World Population Day.
This date was chosen because the world population reached the $5$ billion mark on July $11, 1987$.

(A) According to the $1991$ census,the state of Kerala registered the lowest decadal population growth rate of $13.98\%$.
Similarly,in the $2001$ census,Kerala continued to record the lowest decadal population growth rate at $9.42\%$.
Therefore,the correct option is $A$.

(A) The $1921$ census is historically significant as it is the only census in India's history that recorded a negative population growth rate of $-0.31\%$.
This period is often referred to as the 'Great Divide' in Indian demographic history due to the decline in population caused by factors like the influenza pandemic and famine.

(D) India is currently in a demographic transition phase. Due to advancements in medical facilities,public health,and nutrition,the mortality rate (death rate) has significantly declined. However,the birth rate remains relatively high compared to developed nations. Therefore,India is characterized by a high birth rate and a low mortality rate.

(B) The scientific study of human populations,including their size,structure,and distribution,is known as $Demography$.
$Ecology$ is the study of organisms and their environment.
$Sterilization$ is a medical procedure to prevent reproduction.
$Laparoscopy$ is a surgical diagnostic procedure.
Therefore,the correct option is $B$.

(A) July $11$ is globally observed as World Population Day.
This day was established by the Governing Council of the United Nations Development Programme in $1989$.
The primary objective of this day is to raise awareness about global population issues,such as the importance of family planning,gender equality,poverty,maternal health,and human rights.

(B) The Assertion is correct because Kerala has the highest sex ratio in India (approximately $1084$ females per $1000$ males according to recent census data).
The Reason is also a factually correct statement regarding the demographic trend in India,as the population is indeed increasing at a rapid rate.
However,the Reason does not explain why Kerala has the highest sex ratio.
Therefore,both statements are correct,but the Reason is not the correct explanation for the Assertion.

(B) The human population is increasing rapidly,leading to a population explosion. This is primarily due to the following two major reasons:
$1$. Decreased death rate: Due to better healthcare,sanitation,and control of infectious diseases,the mortality rate has significantly declined over the past $50$ years.
$2$. Increased birth rate and longevity: Improved medical facilities,better nutrition,and awareness have led to higher survival rates and increased life expectancy (longevity) of individuals,contributing to the overall growth in population.

(D) - An all-round development in various fields has significantly improved the quality of life of the people.
- Increased health facilities along with better living conditions have had an explosive impact on the growth of population.
- The world population,which was around $2$ billion in $1900$,rocketed to about $6$ billion by $2000$ and $7.2$ billion in $2011$. $A$ similar trend was observed in India. Our population,which was approximately $350$ million at the time of independence,reached close to the billion mark by $2000$ and crossed $1.2$ billion in May $2011$.
- According to the $2011$ census report,the population growth rate was less than $2$ percent,i.e.,$20/1000/year$,a rate at which our population could increase rapidly.
- Results of population rise: Population rise leads to a decrease in individual resources. Due to this,problems like an increase in poverty,malnutrition,and many population-related issues are seen. The rate of industrialization and urbanization increases,and pressure is felt on natural resources like soil,air,and water.
- The shortage of basic requirements like food,habitat,and clothes is observed.
- Reasons for population rise: $(i)$ Decline in death rate,$(ii)$ Decline in maternal mortality rate,$(iii)$ Decline in infant mortality rate $(IMR)$,$(iv)$ Increase in the number of people in the reproductive age group.
- Prevention of population rise: Through $RCH$ (Reproductive and Child Health) programmes,we could bring down the population growth rate,though it was only marginal.
- To motivate smaller families by using various contraceptive methods,statutory raising of the marriageable age of females to $18$ years and males to $21$ years,and incentives given to couples with small families are some of the measures taken to tackle this problem.

(N/A) The natural resources like air,land,and water on the earth are available in limited amounts.
In contrast,the human population is increasing at a very rapid rate.
Population growth leads to increased industrialization and urbanization,which puts immense pressure on these finite natural resources.
This results in various social problems such as poverty,malnutrition,and anarchy.
$A$ significant portion of the population remains deprived of basic necessities of life,such as food,shelter,and clothing.
Therefore,population rise is considered an unavoidable evil.

(N/A) The current population growth rate in India is alarming,as it leads to the scarcity of basic necessities like food,shelter,and clothing,hindering overall progress.
To address this problem,the following measures should be implemented:
$(i)$ Increasing the legal marriageable age to $18$ years for females and $21$ years for males.
$(ii)$ Motivating couples to adopt family planning methods and birth control measures.
$(iii)$ Providing incentives to couples who maintain small families.
$(iv)$ Educating the public about the disadvantages of uncontrolled population growth.