Diseases caused by helminthes Questions in English

(B) Filariasis,also known as Elephantiasis,is caused by filarial worms like $Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$ and $Wuchereria$ $malayi$.
These parasites are transmitted to healthy individuals through the bite of female mosquito vectors.
The primary vector responsible for transmitting $Wuchereria$ is the $Culex$ mosquito,specifically $Culex$ $fatigans$ (also known as $Culex$ $quinquefasciatus$).
Therefore,the correct option is $B$.

(C) Elephantiasis, also known as filariasis, is a chronic condition caused by filarial worms such as $Wuchereria \text{ } bancrofti$ and $Wuchereria \text{ } malayi$. These worms infect the lymphatic vessels, leading to severe swelling in the lower limbs and other body parts. Therefore, the correct answer is $C$.

(D) Filarial worms,such as $Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$,are viviparous nematodes.
They do not lay eggs; instead,the females give birth to live,motile larvae known as microfilariae.
These microfilariae circulate in the peripheral blood of the host and are subsequently ingested by the mosquito vector ($Culex$ species) during a blood meal.

(A) The filarial worm $Wuchereria \ bancrofti$ exhibits sexual dimorphism. The male worm is significantly smaller than the female. The length of the male $Wuchereria \ bancrofti$ is approximately $40 \ mm$,while the female is much longer,typically ranging from $80 \ mm$ to $100 \ mm$.

(D) The filarial worm, $Wuchereria \, bancrofti$, is a nematode parasite that causes filariasis in humans.
In this species, the female worm is significantly larger than the male.
The length of the female $Wuchereria \, bancrofti$ typically ranges from $80 \, mm$ to $100 \, mm$, while the male is much smaller, usually measuring about $40 \, mm$ in length.
Therefore, the correct length for the female filarial worm is $80 \, to \, 100 \, mm$.

(B) The filarial worm, $Wuchereria\ bancrofti$, is a digenetic parasite, meaning it requires two hosts to complete its life cycle.
$1$. The primary host (definitive host) is the $Human$, where the parasite reaches sexual maturity and reproduces sexually.
$2$. The secondary host (intermediate host) is the female $Culex$ mosquito, which acts as a vector for transmission.
Therefore, the primary host is the human.

(D) The filarial worm, $Wuchereria$ $\text{bancrofti}$, is the causative agent of filariasis (elephantiasis).
These parasites live in the lymphatic system of humans.
Specifically, the adult worms are found in the lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes, where they cause chronic inflammation and blockage of the lymphatic vessels.

(C) The female $Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$ (the causative agent of filariasis) gives birth to live larvae known as $Microfilariae$. These larvae circulate in the peripheral blood of the host and are ingested by the mosquito vector ($Culex$ species) during a blood meal.

(A) The filarial worm,$Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$,causes filariasis (elephantiasis) in humans.
$Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$ is a digenetic parasite,meaning it requires two hosts to complete its life cycle.
The primary host is the human,where the adult worms reside in the lymphatic vessels.
The intermediate host and vector is the female mosquito,specifically species of the genus $Culex$ (e.g.,$Culex$ $fatigans$ or $Culex$ $quinquefasciatus$).
The mosquito transmits the infective $L_3$ larvae to humans during a blood meal.

(B) The filarial parasite, $Wuchereria \text{ bancrofti}$, requires an intermediate host, which is the $Culex$ mosquito, to complete its life cycle. Within the body of the mosquito, the microfilariae undergo development through various larval stages. It typically takes about $10$ to $12$ days for the larvae to transform into the infective third-stage larvae ($L_3$ stage), which are capable of infecting a human host upon the next mosquito bite.

(C) Elephantiasis, also known as filariasis, is a chronic condition caused by filarial worms such as $Wuchereria$ $\text{bancrofti}$ and $Wuchereria$ $\text{malayi}$.
These worms reside in the lymphatic vessels of humans.
The presence of these worms, particularly the blockage caused by them and the host's immune response to the presence of microfilariae and adult worms, leads to inflammation and swelling.
While the question options are slightly unconventional, in the context of the disease's pathology, the presence of microfilariae in the blood and tissues triggers the immune response that leads to the characteristic symptoms of elephantiasis.
Therefore, among the given choices, microfilariae are the causative agents of the inflammatory response.

(C) Elephantiasis, also known as filariasis, is a chronic condition caused by filarial worms such as $Wuchereria$ $\text{bancrofti}$ and $Wuchereria$ $\text{malayi}$. These worms infect the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs, leading to severe swelling and inflammation. Therefore, the correct option is $C$.

(D) The causative agent of filariasis (elephantiasis) is the filarial worm, $Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$.
The infective stage of this parasite is the third-stage larva (filariform larva).
These larvae are transmitted to a healthy human host through the bite of an infected female $Culex$ mosquito.
When the mosquito bites, the larvae present in the mosquito's proboscis (mouthparts) enter the human host's body through the puncture wound in the skin.

(D) The pathogen $Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$ causes filariasis or elephantiasis in humans.
The infective larvae (third-stage filariform larvae) enter the human body through the bite of an infected female $Culex$ mosquito.
Once inside the human body, these larvae migrate to the lymphatic system.
They mature and reside in the lymph vessels and lymph nodes, where they cause chronic inflammation, leading to the characteristic swelling of the limbs and other body parts.

(D) The filarial worm $Wuchereria \text{ } bancrofti$ causes filariasis (elephantiasis). After the infective larvae (third-stage larvae) are transmitted to the human host by the bite of a female $Culex$ mosquito, they migrate to the lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes. In the human host, these larvae take approximately $5$ to $8$ years to mature into adult worms and begin reproducing.

(A) Filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, is caused by the filarial worms $Wuchereria$ $\text{bancrofti}$ and $Wuchereria$ $\text{malayi}$.
These parasites reside in the lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes of the human host.
The adult worms of $Wuchereria$ $\text{bancrofti}$ are known to have a long lifespan, typically living for $5$ to $8$ years within the human body.

(D) The filarial worm, $Wuchereria \text{ } bancrofti$, causes filariasis or elephantiasis.
This disease is characterized by chronic inflammation of the organs in which they live for many years, usually the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs.
Symptoms include fever, swelling of the legs, arms, and genital organs.
Blood-stained sputum is a characteristic symptom of tuberculosis, not filariasis.

(C) The correct answer is $C$. Elephantiasis (Filariasis) is caused by the filarial worms $Wuchereria$ $\text{bancrofti}$ and $Wuchereria$ $\text{malayi}$.
It is a chronic condition that leads to severe swelling of the lower limbs and genital organs, but it is generally not a fatal disease.
Humans are the primary (definitive) hosts, while the female $Culex$ mosquito acts as the intermediate host (vector).
Adult filarial worms typically have a lifespan of $5$ to $8$ years in the human lymphatic system.

(A) Filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, is caused by filarial worms such as $Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$ and $Wuchereria$ $malayi$.
These pathogens are transmitted to a healthy person through the bite of infected female mosquito vectors, primarily $Culex$ mosquitoes.
The parasites reside in the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs, leading to chronic inflammation and swelling, which gives the disease its common name, elephantiasis.

(D) Elephantiasis, also known as lymphatic filariasis, is caused by filarial worms such as $Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$ and $Wuchereria$ $malayi$.
These parasites infect the lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes, leading to chronic inflammation and swelling of the lower limbs, hence the name elephantiasis.

(B) The pathogen $Wuchereria bancrofti$ (filarial worm) causes filariasis in humans.
In the human body,the larvae known as microfilariae circulate in the peripheral blood vessels.
These microfilariae are ingested by the vector,which is the female $Culex$ mosquito (specifically $Culex$ $fatigans$ or $Culex$ $quinquefasciatus$),during a blood meal.
Inside the mosquito,the larvae undergo further development before being transmitted to another human host.

(C) Filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, is caused by filarial worms such as $Wuchereria \text{ } bancrofti$ and $Wuchereria \text{ } malayi$.
These parasites live in the lymphatic vessels and cause chronic inflammation.
Over a long period, this inflammation leads to the thickening of the skin and underlying epithelial tissues, particularly in the lower limbs, resulting in a swollen, elephant-like appearance.

(C) Filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, is caused by the filarial worms $Wuchereria \text{ } bancrofti$ and $Wuchereria \text{ } malayi$.
These pathogens are transmitted to a healthy person through the bite of female $Culex$ mosquitoes.

(B) The causative agent of Filaria is the nematode $Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$.
In the life cycle of $Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$, the larval stages are known as microfilariae.
These microfilariae are essentially the juvenile or larval forms of the parasite.
Therefore, the larval form resembles a juvenile stage of the organism.

(D) $Wuchereria \text{ } bancrofti$ is a human parasite that causes filariasis.
It is a digenetic parasite that completes its life cycle in two hosts, with humans serving as the definitive host where the adult worms reside.
The adult worms typically inhabit the lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes, particularly those of the lower limbs.
This obstruction of the lymphatic vessels leads to the accumulation of lymph fluid, causing the characteristic swelling known as elephantiasis.

(C) Filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, is a chronic disease caused by filarial worms.
The pathogens responsible for this disease are $Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$ and $Wuchereria$ $malayi$.
These worms infect the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs, leading to chronic inflammation and swelling.
Therefore, the correct option is $C$.

(D) Filariasis,also known as elephantiasis,is a chronic condition caused by filarial worms.
These worms belong to the genus $Wuchereria$,specifically $Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$ and $Wuchereria$ $malayi$.
They are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female mosquito vectors.
$Microsporum$ is a fungus causing ringworm,$P. falciparum$ is a protozoan causing malaria,and $Streptococcus$ $pneumoniae$ is a bacterium causing pneumonia.

(A) Filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, is caused by filarial worms such as $Wuchereria$ $\text{bancrofti}$ and $Wuchereria$ $\text{malayi}$.
These pathogens are transmitted to a healthy person through the bite of an infected female $Culex$ mosquito, which acts as a vector.
$Amoebiasis$ is caused by $Entamoeba$ $\text{histolytica}$ through contaminated food and water.
$Typhoid$ is caused by $Salmonella$ $\text{typhi}$ through contaminated food and water.
$Pneumonia$ is caused by $Streptococcus$ $\text{pneumoniae}$ and $Haemophilus$ $\text{influenzae}$ through droplets released by an infected person.

(B) Ascariasis is an infectious disease caused by the intestinal parasite $Ascaris$ $lumbricoides$,which is commonly known as the roundworm.
It is an endoparasite that lives in the human intestine.
Therefore,$A$ refers to $Ascaris$ and $B$ refers to roundworm.

(D) Elephantiasis, also known as filariasis, is caused by the filarial worms $Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$ and $Wuchereria$ $malayi$.
These parasites are transmitted to healthy individuals through the bite of female $Culex$ mosquitoes, which act as the biological vectors.
The filarial worm is the pathogen, while the mosquito is the vector that carries the parasite from an infected person to a healthy person.

(C) Ascariasis is caused by the intestinal parasite $Ascaris$ $lumbricoides$. The common symptoms include internal bleeding,muscular pain,fever,anemia,and blockage of the intestinal passage. Inflammation of lymph nodes (lymphadenitis) is a characteristic symptom of filariasis (caused by $Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$ or $Wuchereria$ $malayi$),not ascariasis. Therefore,option $C$ is the correct answer.

(D) The symptoms provided in the first part of the analogy,such as internal bleeding,fever,and muscular pain,are characteristic of $Ascariasis$,which is caused by the roundworm $Ascaris$ $lumbricoides$.
In the second part,the symptoms listed are abdominal pain,constipation,and blockage of the intestinal passage. These are also classic clinical manifestations of $Ascariasis$ in humans,caused by the accumulation of the worms in the intestine.
Therefore,the correct answer is $Ascariasis$.

(B) Ascaris lumbricoides is a common roundworm parasite in humans.
Its eggs are excreted in the feces of infected individuals.
These eggs contaminate soil, water, and vegetables.
When a healthy person consumes these contaminated items, the eggs enter the digestive tract, leading to infection.
Therefore, the primary mode of transmission is through contaminated food and water.

(D) The correct match is $Wuchereria - Filariasis$.
$Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$ is a filarial worm that causes filariasis (elephantiasis) in humans.
$Anopheles$ is the vector for $Plasmodium$ (malaria), not the causative agent itself.
$Leishmania$ $donovani$ causes Kala-azar, while $Trypanosoma$ causes sleeping sickness.
$Glossina$ (tsetse fly) is the vector for $Trypanosoma$ (sleeping sickness), not Kala-azar.

(B) $Ascaris$ is a common endoparasite in the human intestine.
It causes the disease known as ascariasis.
The infection is transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated water,vegetables,or fruits that contain the eggs of the parasite.
These eggs are passed out in the feces of infected individuals and contaminate the soil and water sources.

(B) Elephantiasis, also known as $Filariasis$, is caused by the filarial worms $Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$ and $Wuchereria$ $malayi$.
These pathogens are transmitted to healthy individuals through the bite of female $Culex$ mosquitoes.
The parasites primarily reside in the lymphatic vessels, where they cause chronic inflammation and obstruction, leading to the characteristic swelling of the lower limbs and other body parts.

(C) The correct match is Tobacco - Root-knot - $Meloidogyne \text{ } incognita$.
$1$. Citrus canker is caused by $Xanthomonas \text{ } citri$.
$2$. Late blight of potato is caused by $Phytophthora \text{ } infestans$.
$3$. Root-knot disease in tobacco and many other plants is caused by the nematode $Meloidogyne \text{ } incognita$.
$4$. Pigeon pea wilt is caused by $Fusarium \text{ } udum$.

(B) The Assertion is correct because tapeworms $(Taenia)$,roundworms $(Ascaris)$,and pinworms $(Enterobius)$ are well-known endoparasites that inhabit the human intestine.
The Reason is also correct as the consumption of improperly cooked or contaminated food and water is a primary source of transmission for these intestinal parasites.
However,the Reason is not the direct explanation for the Assertion. The Assertion describes the biological classification and habitat of these organisms,while the Reason describes the mode of transmission. Therefore,both statements are true,but the Reason does not explain why they are endoparasites.

(N/A) The roundworm $Ascaris$ is the pathogen responsible for $Ascariasis$.
Symptoms of this disease include internal bleeding,muscular pain,fever,anemia,and blockage of the intestinal passage.
The eggs of the parasite are excreted along with the feces of infected persons.
These eggs contaminate soil,water,and plants.
$A$ healthy person acquires this infection through the consumption of contaminated water,vegetables,fruits,etc.

(N/A) Elephantiasis,also known as $Filariasis$,is caused by filarial worms,specifically $Wuchereria$ ($W$. $bancrofti$ and $W$. $malayi$).
These parasites reside in the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs for many years,causing chronic inflammation.
This leads to the characteristic swelling of the limbs,hence the name $Elephantiasis$.
Often,the genital organs are also affected,leading to severe deformities.
The pathogens are transmitted to a healthy person through the bite of a female mosquito vector.

(C) $1$. Amoebic dysentery is caused by $Entamoeba$ \text{ histolytica}, which is transmitted through contaminated food and water.
$2$. Ascariasis is caused by $Ascaris$ \text{ lumbricoides}, and its eggs are transmitted through contaminated soil, water, and vegetables.
$3$. Filariasis (Elephantiasis) is caused by $Wuchereria$ \text{ bancrofti} and $Wuchereria$ \text{ malayi}. It is transmitted to healthy individuals through the bite of female $Culex$ mosquitoes, not through contaminated water.
$4$. Therefore, Filariasis is the disease that is not spread through contaminated water.

(A) The correct answer is $A$.
$1$. Plague is caused by $Yersinia pestis$, which infects lymph nodes causing them to swell, a condition known as buboes.
$2$. Filariasis (Elephantiasis) is caused by $Wuchereria bancrofti$ or $Wuchereria malayi$, which specifically infects the lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes, leading to chronic inflammation and swelling.
$3$. Chikungunya is a viral disease that can cause lymphadenopathy (swelling of lymph nodes) as part of the immune response.
Therefore, this group of diseases is associated with the lymphatic system.

(C) The figure shows a person suffering from Filariasis (also known as Elephantiasis).
Filariasis is caused by filarial worms such as $Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$ and $Wuchereria$ $malayi$.
These worms cause chronic inflammation of the organs in which they live for many years, usually the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs.
This leads to severe swelling of the legs, giving them an appearance similar to that of an elephant's leg, hence the name Elephantiasis.

(C) $Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$ is a digenetic human parasite that completes its life cycle in two hosts.
The human is the final host that harbours the adult worms in the lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes.
This infection leads to a chronic inflammation of the organs in which they live for many years, usually the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs, causing elephantiasis.

(D) $Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$ and $Wuchereria$ $malayi$ are the causative agents of filariasis (elephantiasis).
These parasites require two hosts to complete their life cycle.
The primary host is human,and the secondary host (or vector) is the female $Culex$ mosquito.
The mosquito transmits the infective larvae to humans during a blood meal.

(B) Schistosomiasis,also known as $Bilharzia$,is a disease caused by the parasitic trematode worm,$Schistosoma$.
This disease is transmitted when individuals come into contact with fresh water contaminated with the parasite.
The parasite is released from intermediate host snails into the water.
The $Cercaria$ larva is the infective stage of $Schistosoma$ that attaches to the skin of a swimmer or bather and penetrates it to enter the human body.

(C) The disease filariasis (elephantiasis) is transmitted by the female $Culex$ mosquito.
$Wuchereria$ $bancrofti$ is the causative agent of filariasis, which is a helminthic disease.

(C) $Ascaris$ (the common roundworm) and $Wuchereria$ (the filarial worm) are helminths that are pathogenic to humans.
$Ascaris$ is an intestinal parasite that causes ascariasis.
$Wuchereria$ causes filariasis (also known as wuchereriasis).
Therefore,both diseases are caused by helminth infections.

(C) $Wuchereria bancrofti$ is a filarial worm that causes filariasis (elephantiasis). It resides in the lymphatic vessels of humans and causes chronic inflammation and blockage of these vessels,leading to swelling in the lower limbs and other body parts.