Disorders of Muscular and Skeletal System Questions in English

(A) $Myasthenia \text{ } gravis$ is an autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction, leading to fatigue, weakening, and paralysis of skeletal muscles. It occurs due to the production of antibodies against acetylcholine receptors. $Osteoporosis$ is an age-related disorder characterized by decreased bone mass. $Tetany$ is caused by low $Ca^{2+}$ levels in body fluid. $Muscular \text{ } dystrophy$ is a genetic disorder resulting in progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle.

(D) Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and increased chances of fractures. It is primarily caused by decreased levels of estrogen,not increased levels. Therefore,option $D$ is incorrect.

(A) Gout is a metabolic disorder of the skeletal system.
It is caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints.
This accumulation leads to inflammation,swelling,and severe pain in the affected joints.
Therefore,the correct option is $A$.

(A) Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction $(\text{NMJ})$.
In this condition,antibodies are produced against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction,which leads to the blockage of nerve impulses.
This results in fatigue,weakening,and paralysis of skeletal muscles.
Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder resulting in progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle.
Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and increased chances of fractures.
Tetany is the rapid spasms in muscle due to low calcium levels in body fluid.

(C) Tetany is a condition characterized by intermittent muscle spasms,which is often caused by low levels of calcium $(Ca^{2+})$ in the body fluids. In severe cases of tetany,the spasms can affect the respiratory muscles,such as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. When these muscles undergo prolonged and severe spasms,the individual is unable to breathe properly,leading to a lack of oxygen supply to the body. This condition,known as asphyxia,eventually results in death.

(B) Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis that occurs when high levels of uric acid in the blood crystallize and deposit in the joints.
These crystals,known as monosodium urate crystals,trigger an immune response,leading to pain,swelling,and inflammation in the affected joints.
Therefore,the correct answer is $B$ (Uric acid).

(B) The correct matching is as follows:
$(A)$ Tetany is caused by low levels of $Ca^{++}$ in body fluids,leading to wild contractions $(III)$.
$(B)$ Arthritis is the inflammation of joints $(I)$.
$(C)$ Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction $(II)$.
$(D)$ Muscular dystrophy is the progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles $(IV)$.
Thus,the correct matching is $A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV$.