Write the equation for the magnetic field of a current-carrying circular loop at: $(i)$ a point on the axis,and $(ii)$ a point on the plane of the loop at a distance $x$ from the center of the loop.

$A$ long curved conductor carries a current $I$. $A$ small current element of length $dl$ on the wire induces a magnetic field at a point away from the current element. If the position vector between the current element and the point is $\vec{r}$,making an angle $\theta$ with the current element,then the induced magnetic field density $d\vec{B}$ at the point is $(\mu_0 = \text{permeability of free space})$:

The magnitude of magnetic induction at the mid-point $O$ due to the current arrangement as shown in the figure will be:

The magnetic field at the origin due to a current element $i \, d\vec{l}$ placed at position $\vec{r}$ is given by the Biot-Savart Law. Which of the following expressions correctly represent this magnetic field?
$(i) \, \left( \frac{\mu_0 i}{4\pi} \right) \left( \frac{d\vec{l} \times \vec{r}}{r^3} \right)$
$(ii) \, - \left( \frac{\mu_0 i}{4\pi} \right) \left( \frac{d\vec{l} \times \vec{r}}{r^3} \right)$
$(iii) \, \left( \frac{\mu_0 i}{4\pi} \right) \left( \frac{\vec{r} \times d\vec{l}}{r^3} \right)$
$(iv) \, - \left( \frac{\mu_0 i}{4\pi} \right) \left( \frac{\vec{r} \times d\vec{l}}{r^3} \right)$

For a circular coil of radius $R$ and $N$ turns carrying current $I$,the magnitude of the magnetic field at a point on its axis at a distance $x$ from its centre is given by,
$B=\frac{\mu_{0} I R^{2} N}{2\left(x^{2}+R^{2}\right)^{3 / 2}}$
$(a)$ Show that this reduces to the familiar result for field at the centre of the coil.
$(b)$ Consider two parallel co-axial circular coils of equal radius $R$ and number of turns $N,$ carrying equal currents in the same direction,and separated by a distance $R$. Show that the field on the axis around the mid-point between the coils is uniform over a distance that is small as compared to $R,$ and is given by,
$B=0.72 \frac{\mu_{0} N I}{R}, \quad \text { approximately }$

The magnetic field at the centre of a current-carrying circular coil is