Why is Coulomb's law associated with Newton's $3^{rd}$ law?

Electrostatic force between two identical charges placed in vacuum at a distance of $r$ is $F$. $A$ slab of width $\frac{r}{5}$ and dielectric constant $9$ is inserted between these two charges. The new force between the charges is:

What should be the equal charge on helium-filled balloons as shown in the figure?

Four charges are placed at the circumference of a dial clock as shown in the figure. If the clock has only an hour hand,then the resultant force on a charge $q_0$ placed at the center points in the direction which shows the time as (in $:30$)

Two identical conducting spheres with negligible volume have $2.1 \, nC$ and $-0.1 \, nC$ charges,respectively. They are brought into contact and then separated by a distance of $0.5 \, m$. The electrostatic force acting between the spheres is $.......... \times 10^{-9} \, N$. [Given: $\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_{0}} = 9 \times 10^{9} \, N \cdot m^{2}/C^{2}$]

Consider the following charged suspended ball system. If $\alpha < \beta$,then out of the following statements,which can be true at equilibrium? :-
$(a) Q_1 > Q_2, m_1 < m_2$
$(b) Q_1 > Q_2, m_1 > m_2$
$(c) Q_1 < Q_2, m_1 = m_2$
$(d) Q_1 < Q_2, m_1 > m_2$