Two charges,each equal to $q$,are kept at $x = -a$ and $x = a$ on the $x$-axis. $A$ particle of mass $m$ and charge $q_0 = \frac{q}{2}$ is placed at the origin. If charge $q_0$ is given a small displacement $(y << a)$ along the $y$-axis,the net force acting on the particle is proportional to

Two identical charged spheres are suspended by strings of equal lengths. The strings make an angle of $30^o$ with each other. When suspended in a liquid of density $1 \, g \, cm^{-3}$,the angle remains the same. If the density of the material of the sphere is $4/3 \, g \, cm^{-3}$,the dielectric constant of the liquid is:

Electric charges $Q$ are placed on the $x$-axis at $x = 1, 2, 4, 8, \dots \text{meters}$ respectively. What are the electric field and electric potential at $x = 0$?

$A$ pendulum bob of mass $30.7 \times 10^{-6} \, kg$ and carrying a charge $2 \times 10^{-8} \, C$ is at rest in a horizontal uniform electric field of $20000 \, V/m$. The tension in the thread of the pendulum is $(g = 9.8 \, m/s^2)$.

Suppose the charge of a proton and an electron differ slightly. One of them is $-e,$ the other is $(e + \Delta e).$ If the net electrostatic force and gravitational force between two hydrogen atoms placed at a distance $d$ (much greater than atomic size) apart is zero, then $\Delta e$ is of the order of $[$ Given: mass of hydrogen $m_h = 1.67 \times 10^{-27} \, kg]$

Answer carefully:
$(a)$ Two large conducting spheres carrying charges $Q_{1}$ and $Q_{2}$ are brought close to each other. Is the magnitude of electrostatic force between them exactly given by $Q_{1} Q_{2} / 4 \pi \varepsilon_{0} r^{2}$,where $r$ is the distance between their centres?
$(b)$ If Coulomb's law involved $1/r^{3}$ dependence (instead of $1/r^{2}$),would Gauss's law be still true?
$(c)$ $A$ small test charge is released at rest at a point in an electrostatic field configuration. Will it travel along the field line passing through that point?
$(d)$ What is the work done by the field of a nucleus in a complete circular orbit of the electron? What if the orbit is elliptical?
$(e)$ We know that electric field is discontinuous across the surface of a charged conductor. Is electric potential also discontinuous there?
$(f)$ What meaning would you give to the capacitance of a single conductor?
$(g)$ Guess a possible reason why water has a much greater dielectric constant $(=80)$ than,say,mica $(=6)$?