In a vernier callipers, $(N+1)$ divisions of vernier scale coincide with $N$ divisions of main scale. If $1 \mathrm{MSD}$ represents $0.1 \mathrm{~mm}$, the vernier constant (in $\mathrm{cm}$ ) is:
$\frac{1}{100(N+1)}$
$100 \mathrm{~N}$
$10(N+1)$
$\frac{1}{10 \mathrm{~N}}$
A screw gauge has $50$ divisions on its circular scale. The circular scale is $4$ units ahead of the pitch scale marking, prior to use. Upon one complete rotation of the circular scale, a displacement of $0.5\, mm$ is noticed on the pitch scale. The nature of zero error involved, and the least count of the screw gauge, are respectively
Asseretion $A:$ If in five complete rotations of the circular scale, the distance travelled on main scale of the screw gauge is $5\, {mm}$ and there are $50$ total divisions on circular scale, then least count is $0.001\, {cm}$.
Reason $R:$ Least Count $=\frac{\text { Pitch }}{\text { Total divisions on circular scale }}$
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
There are two Vernier calipers both of which have $1 \mathrm{~cm}$ divided into $10$ equal divisions on the main scale. The Vernier scale of one of the calipers $\left(C_1\right)$ has $10$ squal divisions that correspond to $9$ main scale divisions. The Vernier scale of the other caliper $\left(C_2\right)$ has $10$ equal divisions that correspond to $11$ main scale divisions. The readings of the two calipers are shown in the figure. The measured values (in $\mathrm{cm}$ ) by calipers $C_1$ and $C_2$, respectively, are