Draw a diagram showing the setup of the apparatus for the process. Draw a diagram of a bubble plate type fractionating column. When do we require such a type of column for separating two liquids? Explain the principle involved in the separation of components of a mixture of liquids by using a fractionating column. What industrial applications does this process have?

(N/A) If the difference in boiling points of two liquids is small,the fractional distillation method is used.
The vapour of the liquid mixture condenses before it passes through the column. This distillation column is arranged with a round-bottom flask as shown in the figure.
If the difference in boiling point is very small,a bubble plate type fractionating column is used as shown in the figure.
In a bubble plate column,the tower is divided into a number of compartments by means of shelves having openings. The openings are covered with caps called bubble caps.
Each shelf is provided with an overflow pipe which keeps the liquid at a certain level and allows the rest to trickle down to the lower shelf.
Such a type of column is used for continuous separation of bulk quantities of liquids. For example,distillation of fermented liquid for the manufacture of rectified spirit.
Industrial applications:
$(i)$ Separation of crude oil in the petroleum industry into various useful fractions such as gasoline,kerosene oil,diesel oil,lubricating oil,etc.
$(ii)$ Separation of water and methanol from pyroligneous acid obtained by destructive distillation of wood.