State whether the following statements are true or false:
$(a)$ If the magnitude of force and length are increased by $4$ times,the magnitude of energy increases by $16$ times.
$(b)$ In an inelastic collision,both momentum and energy are conserved.
$(c)$ If work is done on a system by non-conservative forces,the potential energy increases.

$A$ ball is thrown vertically downwards from a height of $20 \, m$ with an initial velocity $v_0$. It collides with the ground,loses $50\%$ of its energy in the collision,and rebounds to the same height. The initial velocity $v_0$ is .................... $m/s$ (Take $g = 10 \, m/s^2$)

Which of the following statements is true?

Answer the following:
$(a)$ The casing of a rocket in flight burns up due to friction. At whose expense is the heat energy required for burning obtained? The rocket or the atmosphere?
$(b)$ Comets move around the sun in highly elliptical orbits. The gravitational force on the comet due to the sun is not normal to the comet's velocity in general. Yet the work done by the gravitational force over every complete orbit of the comet is zero. Why?
$(c)$ An artificial satellite orbiting the earth in a very thin atmosphere loses its energy gradually due to dissipation against atmospheric resistance,however small. Why then does its speed increase progressively as it comes closer and closer to the earth?
$(d)$ In Figure $(i)$ the man walks $2\; m$ carrying a mass of $15\; kg$ on his hands. In Figure $(ii)$,he walks the same distance pulling the rope behind him. The rope goes over a pulley,and a mass of $15\; kg$ hangs at its other end. In which case is the work done greater?

$A$ man who is running has half the kinetic energy of a boy of half his mass. The man speeds up by $1 \, m/s$ and then has the same kinetic energy as the boy. The original speed of the man was:

Name the instrument used to measure the coefficient of restitution of a material and explain why frictional force is a non-conservative force.