Name the instrument used to measure the coefficient of restitution of a material and explain why frictional force is a non-conservative force.

$A$ student skates up a ramp that makes an angle $30^{\circ}$ with the horizontal. He/she starts (as shown in the figure) at the bottom of the ramp with speed $v_0$ and wants to turn around over a semicircular path $xyz$ of radius $R$ during which he/she reaches a maximum height $h$ (at point $y$) from the ground as shown in the figure. Assume that the energy loss is negligible and the force required for this turn at the highest point is provided by his/her weight only. Then ($g$ is the acceleration due to gravity):
$(A)$ $v_0^2 - 2gh = \frac{1}{2} gR$
$(B)$ $v_0^2 - 2gh = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} gR$
$(C)$ The centripetal force required at points $x$ and $z$ is zero.
$(D)$ The centripetal force required is maximum at points $x$ and $z$.

In two separate collisions,the coefficients of restitution $e_1$ and $e_2$ are in the ratio $3:1$. In the first collision,the relative velocity of approach is twice the relative velocity of separation. Find the ratio between the relative velocity of approach and the relative velocity of separation in the second collision.

$A$ block moving horizontally on a smooth surface with a speed of $40 \, m/s$ splits into two equal parts. If one of the parts moves at $60 \, m/s$ in the same direction,then the fractional change in the kinetic energy will be $x: 4$ where $x = ..... .$

Two balls $A$ and $B$ having masses $1\, kg$ and $2\, kg$,moving with speeds $21\, m/s$ and $4\, m/s$ respectively in opposite directions,collide head-on. After the collision,$A$ moves with a speed of $1\, m/s$ in the same direction. Which of the following statements is correct?

$300 \, J$ of work is done in sliding up a $2 \, kg$ block on an inclined plane to a height of $10 \, m$. Taking the value of acceleration due to gravity $g$ to be $10 \, m/s^2$,the work done against friction is ........ $J$.