Vitamins Questions in English

(C) The correct matches for vitamins,their solubility,and deficiency diseases are as follows:
$1$. Vitamin $A$: Fat-soluble,deficiency causes Xerophthalmia (or night blindness).
$2$. Vitamin $B_{6}$: Water-soluble,deficiency causes convulsions.
$3$. Vitamin $D$: Fat-soluble,deficiency causes Rickets.
$4$. Vitamin $C$: Water-soluble,deficiency causes Scurvy.
Comparing these with the given options,option $C$ is the only correctly matched set.

(D) The deficiency of vitamin $B_1$ (thiamine) in the diet leads to beri beri.
The deficiency of vitamin $B_6$ (pyridoxine) causes convulsions.

(D) Deficiency of vitamin $B_6$ (pyridoxine) leads to neurological symptoms,including convulsions.

(A) Scurvy is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin $C$ (ascorbic acid).
Vitamin $C$ is abundantly found in citrus fruits and amla (Indian gooseberry).

(B) Beri-Beri is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin $B_1$ (thiamine).
Scurvy is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin $C$ (ascorbic acid).
Cheilosis is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin $B_2$ (riboflavin).
Rickets is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin $D$ (calciferol).
Therefore,the correct matching is $A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-V$.

(C) Fat-soluble vitamins are those that dissolve in fats and oils. These include vitamins $A, D, E,$ and $K$.
Water-soluble vitamins are those that dissolve in water. These include vitamins of the $B$ group and vitamin $C$.
Given vitamins: $A, D, C, B_1, K, B_6$.
Fat-soluble vitamins: $A, D, K$ (Total $= 3$).
Water-soluble vitamins: $C, B_1, B_6$ (Total $= 3$).
Therefore,the number of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins are $3$ and $3$ respectively.

(B) Vitamins are classified into two groups based on their solubility in water or fat.
Fat-soluble vitamins: Vitamins that are soluble in fat and oils but insoluble in water belong to this group. These include vitamins $A, D, E$,and $K$. They are stored in the liver and adipose (fat-storing) tissues.
Water-soluble vitamins: $B$-group vitamins and vitamin $C$ are soluble in water. Water-soluble vitamins must be supplied regularly in the diet because they are readily excreted in urine and cannot be stored in our body (except for vitamin $B_{12}$).

(A) Pernicious anemia is caused by the deficiency of vitamin $B_{12}$.
The deficiency of vitamin $B_{1}$ causes Beri-beri.
The deficiency of vitamin $B_{6}$ causes convulsions.
The deficiency of vitamin $B_{2}$ causes cheilosis (fissuring at corners of mouth and lips),digestive disorders,and a burning sensation of the skin.

(D) Thiamine,also known as Vitamin $B_1$,is a water-soluble vitamin with the chemical formula $C_{12}H_{17}N_4OS^+$.
It plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and nerve function.

(C) Vitamins are a group of biomolecules essential for normal metabolic processes,growth,and the health of humans and animals.
Vitamin $B_1$ is water-soluble and is sensitive to heat.
Primary sources of vitamin $B_1$ include pulses,nuts,milk,fruits,and green vegetables.
Deficiency of vitamin $B_1$ leads to the disease known as beriberi.
Therefore,vitamin $B_1$ is chemically known as thiamine.

(B) Vitamin-$A$ is essential for maintaining healthy vision,skin,and skeletal tissues.
It is chemically known as $retinol$ because it is responsible for the production of pigments in the retina of the eye.

(C) The correct matches are as follows:
$(A)$ $Vitamin-B_1$: Sources include green vegetables,peas,nuts,and bread. Deficiency causes $Beri-Beri$. Match: $(A-iii-s)$.
$(B)$ $Vitamin-B_2$: Sources include egg-whites,milk,and mushrooms. Deficiency causes $Cheilosis$. Match: $(B-i-r)$.
$(C)$ $Vitamin-B_6$: Sources include grams,pork,peanuts,oats,and bananas. Deficiency causes $Convulsions$. Match: $(C-iv-p)$.
$(D)$ $Vitamin-B_{12}$: Sources include fish,meat,poultry,and eggs. Deficiency causes $Pernicious$ $anemia$. Match: $(D-ii-q)$.
Therefore,the correct sequence is $(A-iii-s), (B-i-r), (C-iv-p), (D-ii-q)$.

(B) Vitamin $C$,also known as ascorbic acid,is a water-soluble vitamin found in various foods and used as a dietary supplement.
It is essential for the synthesis of collagen and acts as an antioxidant.
Hence,the correct option is $(B)$.

(A) Let us analyze the given sets of vitamins,their sources,and deficiency diseases:
$(a)$ Vitamin $B_6$ (pyridoxine) is found in milk,cereals,and fish. Its deficiency can lead to convulsions. This is a correct set.
$(b)$ Vitamin $K$ is found in green leafy vegetables. Its deficiency leads to increased blood clotting time,not anaemia. This is an incorrect set.
$(c)$ Vitamin $C$ (ascorbic acid) is found in citrus fruits and green leafy vegetables,not primarily in fish. Its deficiency causes scurvy. This is an incorrect set.
$(d)$ Vitamin $D$ is obtained from exposure to sunlight and egg yolk,not citrus fruits. Its deficiency causes rickets. This is an incorrect set.
Therefore,the correct set is $(a)$.

(A) The correct matches are as follows:
$b$. Vitamin $E$ is found in $ii$. Sunflower oil.
$c$. Vitamin $K$ is found in $v$. Green leafy vegetables.
$d$. Vitamin $B_{12}$ is found in $i$. Meat.
$e$. Vitamin $B_2$ is found in $iii$. Egg white.
Thus,the correct sequence is $b-ii, c-v, d-i, e-iii$.

(D) . Vitamin $K$ is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin,which is required for blood clotting. Its deficiency leads to an increase in blood clotting time. This statement is correct.
$b$. Milk and liver are rich sources of vitamin $B_2$ (riboflavin). This statement is correct.
$c$. $A$ hexapeptide consists of $6$ amino acids linked by $5$ peptide bonds,not $6$. This statement is incorrect.
$d$. The adrenal cortex produces hormones like cortisol. Improper functioning (hypoadrenalism) can lead to hypoglycemia. This statement is correct.
Therefore,statements $a, b,$ and $d$ are correct.

(D) Vitamin $D$ is a fat-soluble vitamin found in egg yolk.
Deficiency of vitamin $D$ leads to the softening and weakening of bones,a condition known as rickets.

(D) Pernicious anaemia is a condition caused by the deficiency of vitamin $B_{12}$ (cyanocobalamin).
This vitamin is essential for the production of red blood cells in the body.

(D) Xerophthalmia is a medical condition in which the eye fails to produce tears.
It is primarily caused by the deficiency of vitamin $A$.

(A) Convulsions are the result of abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Deficiency of vitamin $B_6$ (pyridoxine) is known to cause convulsions,especially in infants.
Therefore,the correct option is $A$.

(A) Vitamin $B_6$ is also known as Pyridoxine.
$B_2$ is known as Riboflavin.
$B_1$ is known as Thiamine.
$B_{12}$ is known as Cobalamin.

(D) Vitamin $B_{12}$ (cyanocobalamine) contains a central cobalt ion $(Co^{3+})$,not magnesium. Magnesium is the central metal ion in chlorophyll.

(A) Vitamin $B_{12}$,also known as cyanocobalamin,contains a cobalt ion at the center of its corrin ring structure.
In the biologically active form of vitamin $B_{12}$,the cobalt ion is in the $Co^{3+}$ oxidation state.

(D) Vitamin $C$ is chemically known as $Ascorbic \ acid$. It is a water-soluble vitamin found in various foods and is essential for the synthesis of collagen and the functioning of the immune system.

(B) Scurvy is a disease characterized by the breakdown of collagen in the body,primarily due to a deficiency of Vitamin $C$,which is also known as ascorbic acid. Therefore,option $(B)$ is correct.

(D) Pyridoxine is also known as Vitamin $B_6$.
Deficiency of Vitamin $B_6$ leads to neurological disorders such as convulsions (seizures) and skin conditions like dermatitis.
Cheilosis is caused by the deficiency of Riboflavin (Vitamin $B_2$).
Beri-beri is caused by the deficiency of Thiamine (Vitamin $B_1$).
Scurvy is caused by the deficiency of Ascorbic acid (Vitamin $C$).
Therefore,the correct answer is convulsions.

(C) The correct matches are:
$A$. Scurvy is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin $C$ (Ascorbic Acid) $\rightarrow A-III$.
$B$. Convulsions are caused by the deficiency of Vitamin $B_6$ (Pyridoxine) $\rightarrow B-I$.
$C$. Cheilosis is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin $B_2$ (Riboflavin) $\rightarrow C-IV$.
$D$. Xerophthalmia is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin $A$ $\rightarrow D-II$.
Thus,the correct order is $A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II$.

(C) The correct matches for the vitamins are as follows:
Vitamin $B_1$ is Thiamine $(III)$.
Vitamin $B_2$ is Riboflavin $(IV)$.
Vitamin $B_6$ is Pyridoxine $(I)$.
Vitamin $C$ is Ascorbic acid $(II)$.
Therefore,the correct matching is $A$-$III$,$B$-$IV$,$C$-$I$,$D$-$II$.