Microbes in Production of Biogas Questions in English

(D) The process of biogas production involves three main stages carried out by different groups of anaerobic bacteria:
$1$. Solubilization: Complex organic polymers (like cellulose,proteins,and fats) are broken down into simpler monomers (like sugars,amino acids,and fatty acids) by hydrolytic bacteria.
$2$. Acidogenesis: These monomers are then converted into organic acids (like acetic acid) by acidogenic bacteria.
$3$. Methanogenesis: Finally,methanogenic bacteria convert these organic acids into methane $(CH_4)$ and carbon dioxide $(CO_2)$.
Therefore,the correct sequence is: Polymers $\rightarrow$ Monomers $\rightarrow$ Organic acids $\rightarrow$ Methane.

(D) Biogas production involves three main stages: hydrolysis,acidogenesis,and methanogenesis.
In the final stage,known as methanogenesis,methanogenic bacteria (methanogens) act upon the products of the previous stages,such as acetic acid $(CH_3COOH)$,to produce methane $(CH_4)$ and carbon dioxide $(CO_2)$.
$Methanobacillus$ is a type of methanogen that facilitates this conversion.
Therefore,the correct answer is $Methanobacillus$.

(D) The correct answer is $D$. Methanogens,such as $Methanobacterium$,are anaerobic bacteria that grow in anaerobic conditions on cellulosic material. They produce large amounts of methane along with $CO_2$ and $H_2$,which is collectively known as biogas.

(D) The correct answer is $(D)$ both $(a)$ and $(b)$.
In India,the technology of biogas production was developed mainly due to the efforts of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute $(IARI)$ and the Khadi and Village Industries Commission $(KVIC)$.
$IARI$ conducted significant research on the microbial processes involved in biogas production.
$KVIC$ played a crucial role in the $1960s$ by developing and promoting practical models for biogas plants suitable for rural areas.

(A) The correct answer is $A$.
Humans cannot digest cellulose because they lack the specific bacteria known as methanogens in their digestive tract.
These methanogens produce the enzyme cellulase,which is essential for the fermentation and breakdown of cellulose.
Methanogens are anaerobic bacteria that produce large amounts of methane,along with $CO_2$ and $H_2$,during the digestion process.
These bacteria are naturally present in the rumen of ruminant animals (like cattle),where they facilitate the breakdown of cellulose,thereby playing a crucial role in the nutrition of these animals.

(C) The correct answer is $C$.
Biogas is a renewable fuel produced when organic matter,such as food or animal waste,is broken down by microbes under anaerobic conditions.
Biogas primarily consists of methane $(50-70\%)$,carbon dioxide $(30-40\%)$,and traces of nitrogen,hydrogen sulphide,and hydrogen.