Mix Examples- Locomotion and Movement Questions in English

(D) Statement $I$ is incorrect because the accumulation of lactic acid,not pyruvic acid,causes muscle fatigue.
Statement $II$ is correct; $ATP$ is replenished in muscles via the phosphorylation of $ADP$ using phosphagens like creatine phosphate.
Statement $III$ is correct; the Cori cycle describes the metabolic pathway where lactate produced by anaerobic glycolysis in muscles is transported to the liver and converted back to glucose.
Statement $IV$ is incorrect because the primary phosphogen in vertebrate muscle is creatine phosphate,whereas arginine phosphate is found in invertebrates.
Therefore,the correct statements are $II$ and $III$.

(C) Locomotion is the voluntary movement of an organism from one place to another.
It helps in the procurement of food,finding a mate,and searching for or building a shelter.
Peristaltic movements are involuntary muscular contractions and relaxations of the alimentary canal or oviduct,which facilitate the movement of food or ova through these structures.
Therefore,peristaltic movement is not a function of locomotion.

(D) The Assertion is incorrect because striped muscles (skeletal muscles) are primarily voluntary,not involuntary.
Muscle fatigue is primarily caused by the accumulation of lactic acid due to anaerobic respiration during prolonged or repeated stimulation,rather than just the non-availability of $ATP$ molecules.
Therefore,both the Assertion and the Reason are incorrect.

(C) The correct matching is as follows:
$(a)$ Scapula is a large, triangular flat bone situated in the dorsal part of the thorax between the $2^{nd}$ and the $7^{th}$ ribs. Thus, $(a)-(iv)$.
$(b)$ Cranium bones are joined by fibrous joints which do not allow any movement. Thus, $(b)-(iii)$.
$(c)$ Sternum is a flat bone on the ventral midline of the thorax. Thus, $(c)-(ii)$.
$(d)$ Vertebral column consists of vertebrae joined by cartilaginous joints, which allow limited movement. Thus, $(d)-(i)$.
Therefore, the correct sequence is $(a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)$.

(B) Sebaceous glands secrete an oily substance known as sebum.
This secretion contains substances such as sterols,hydrocarbons,and waxes.
It provides a protective,oily covering for the skin and helps in the elimination of certain waste products.

(D) Locomotion in humans is a complex process that requires the coordinated action of multiple organ systems.
$1$. The $\text{Muscular system}$ provides the force required for movement through the contraction and relaxation of muscles.
$2$. The $\text{Skeletal system}$ provides the framework,leverage,and attachment points for muscles,enabling movement.
$3$. The $\text{Nervous system}$ coordinates and controls the movement by sending signals to the muscles.
$4$. The $\text{Endocrine system}$ regulates metabolic processes and provides hormones that influence muscle function and energy availability.
$5$. The $\text{Circulatory system}$ is essential as it supplies oxygen and nutrients to the muscles and removes metabolic waste products during physical activity.
Therefore,all $5$ systems mentioned are integrated for effective locomotion.