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Nutrition and Nutritional requirement Questions in English
Class 11 Biology · Digestion and Absorption · Nutrition and Nutritional requirement
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151
EasyMCQ
Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
A
Vitamin-$B_{12}$ - Pernicious anaemia
B
Vitamin-$B_{6}$ - Dermatitis
C
Vitamin-$B_{1}$ - Beri-beri
D
Vitamin-$B_{2}$ - Pellagra
Solution
(D) Pellagra is a disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin-$B_{3}$ (niacin or nicotinic acid),not vitamin-$B_{2}$.
Vitamin-$B_{12}$ deficiency leads to pernicious anaemia.
Vitamin-$B_{6}$ deficiency can cause dermatitis.
Vitamin-$B_{1}$ deficiency causes beri-beri.
Therefore,the pair Vitamin-$B_{2}$ - Pellagra is incorrectly matched.
Vitamin-$B_{12}$ deficiency leads to pernicious anaemia.
Vitamin-$B_{6}$ deficiency can cause dermatitis.
Vitamin-$B_{1}$ deficiency causes beri-beri.
Therefore,the pair Vitamin-$B_{2}$ - Pellagra is incorrectly matched.
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EasyMCQ
Which one of the following is the correct matching of a vitamin,its nature,and its deficiency disease?
A
$Vitamin-A$ - Fat soluble - Night blindness
B
$Vitamin-K$ - Fat soluble - Beri beri
C
$Vitamin-A$ - Fat soluble - Beri beri
D
$Vitamin-K$ - Water soluble - Pellagra
Solution
(A) Vitamins are classified into two categories: fat-soluble and water-soluble.
Fat-soluble vitamins include $Vitamin-A, D, E,$ and $K$.
Water-soluble vitamins include $Vitamin-B$ complex and $Vitamin-C$.
$Vitamin-A$ is fat-soluble,and its deficiency leads to night blindness (nyctalopia) because it is essential for the synthesis of the visual pigment,rhodopsin.
$Vitamin-B_1$ (thiamine) deficiency causes Beri beri.
$Vitamin-B_3$ (niacin) deficiency causes Pellagra.
Therefore,the correct matching is $Vitamin-A$ - Fat soluble - Night blindness.
Fat-soluble vitamins include $Vitamin-A, D, E,$ and $K$.
Water-soluble vitamins include $Vitamin-B$ complex and $Vitamin-C$.
$Vitamin-A$ is fat-soluble,and its deficiency leads to night blindness (nyctalopia) because it is essential for the synthesis of the visual pigment,rhodopsin.
$Vitamin-B_1$ (thiamine) deficiency causes Beri beri.
$Vitamin-B_3$ (niacin) deficiency causes Pellagra.
Therefore,the correct matching is $Vitamin-A$ - Fat soluble - Night blindness.
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MediumMCQ
Which group of three of the following five statements $(I-V)$ is correct regarding beriberi?
$I.$ $A$ crippling disease prevalent among the native population of sub-Sahara Africa.
$II.$ $A$ deficiency disease caused by lack of thiamine (vitamin-$B_{1}$).
$III.$ $A$ nutritional disorder in infants and young children when the diet is persistently deficient in essential protein.
$IV.$ Occurs in those countries where the staple diet is polished rice.
$V.$ The symptoms are pain from neuritis,paralysis,muscle wasting,progressive oedema,mental deterioration and finally heart failure.
$I.$ $A$ crippling disease prevalent among the native population of sub-Sahara Africa.
$II.$ $A$ deficiency disease caused by lack of thiamine (vitamin-$B_{1}$).
$III.$ $A$ nutritional disorder in infants and young children when the diet is persistently deficient in essential protein.
$IV.$ Occurs in those countries where the staple diet is polished rice.
$V.$ The symptoms are pain from neuritis,paralysis,muscle wasting,progressive oedema,mental deterioration and finally heart failure.
A
$I, II$ and $IV$
B
$II, III$ and $V$
C
$I, III$ and $V$
D
$II, IV$ and $V$
Solution
(D) Statement $I$ is incorrect as beriberi is not specific to sub-Sahara Africa.
Statement $II$ is correct as beriberi is caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin-$B_{1}$).
Statement $III$ describes Kwashiorkor,not beriberi.
Statement $IV$ is correct because polished rice lacks the outer layer (bran) which contains thiamine,leading to deficiency.
Statement $V$ is correct as it accurately lists the clinical symptoms of beriberi,including neuritis,muscle wasting,and heart failure.
Therefore,the correct group of statements is $II, IV$ and $V$.
Statement $II$ is correct as beriberi is caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin-$B_{1}$).
Statement $III$ describes Kwashiorkor,not beriberi.
Statement $IV$ is correct because polished rice lacks the outer layer (bran) which contains thiamine,leading to deficiency.
Statement $V$ is correct as it accurately lists the clinical symptoms of beriberi,including neuritis,muscle wasting,and heart failure.
Therefore,the correct group of statements is $II, IV$ and $V$.
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View Solution154
EasyMCQ
What is $PEM$?
A
Protein Energy Malnutrition
B
Protein Energy Metabolism
C
Primary Energy Malnutrition
D
Protein Energy Management
Solution
(A) $PEM$ stands for Protein-Energy Malnutrition.
It is a condition caused by a deficiency of both proteins and total calories in the diet.
It commonly affects infants and children in developing countries,often exacerbated by factors like drought,famine,or poverty.
It is a condition caused by a deficiency of both proteins and total calories in the diet.
It commonly affects infants and children in developing countries,often exacerbated by factors like drought,famine,or poverty.
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EasyMCQ
$PEM$ stands for:
A
$Protein$ $Energy$ $Malnutrition$
B
$Protein$ $Enzyme$ $Malnutrition$
C
$Protein$ $Energy$ $Marasmus$
D
$Protein$ $Enzyme$ $Marasmus$
Solution
(A) $PEM$ stands for $Protein$ $Energy$ $Malnutrition$. It is a form of malnutrition that occurs due to a deficiency of both protein and energy (calories) in the diet. It is commonly observed in children and includes conditions like $Marasmus$ and $Kwashiorkor$.
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MediumMCQ
The cause of Marasmus $= P$
The cause of Kwashiorkor $= Q$
What are $P$ and $Q$?
The cause of Kwashiorkor $= Q$
What are $P$ and $Q$?
A
Protein and calorie deficiency $\quad$ Calorie deficiency and protein excess
B
Calorie deficiency and protein excess $\quad$ Protein and calorie deficiency
C
Protein and calorie deficiency $\quad$ Calorie excess and protein deficiency
D
Calorie excess and protein deficiency $\quad$ Protein and calorie deficiency
Solution
(C) $P$ (Marasmus) is caused by a deficiency of both proteins and calories.
$Q$ (Kwashiorkor) is caused by protein deficiency alone,while calorie intake may be sufficient.
Therefore,$P$ is protein and calorie deficiency,and $Q$ is protein deficiency (often with sufficient calories).
Comparing this with the options,option $C$ correctly identifies $P$ as protein and calorie deficiency and $Q$ as protein deficiency (with calorie excess or sufficiency).
$Q$ (Kwashiorkor) is caused by protein deficiency alone,while calorie intake may be sufficient.
Therefore,$P$ is protein and calorie deficiency,and $Q$ is protein deficiency (often with sufficient calories).
Comparing this with the options,option $C$ correctly identifies $P$ as protein and calorie deficiency and $Q$ as protein deficiency (with calorie excess or sufficiency).
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EasyMCQ
Which disease is caused when a child is fed with food that is poor in both protein and caloric value,replacing mother's milk at an early age?
A
Kwashiorkor
B
Jaundice
C
Marasmus
D
All of the above
Solution
(C) Marasmus is caused by a deficiency of both proteins and total food calories.
It occurs in infants less than a year in age if mother's milk is replaced too early by other foods which are poor in both proteins and caloric value.
This often happens if the mother has a second pregnancy or childbirth when the older infant is still too young.
In Marasmus,protein deficiency impairs growth and replacement of tissue proteins; extreme emaciation of the body and thinning of limbs occur,resulting in the skin becoming dry,thin,and wrinkled.
It occurs in infants less than a year in age if mother's milk is replaced too early by other foods which are poor in both proteins and caloric value.
This often happens if the mother has a second pregnancy or childbirth when the older infant is still too young.
In Marasmus,protein deficiency impairs growth and replacement of tissue proteins; extreme emaciation of the body and thinning of limbs occur,resulting in the skin becoming dry,thin,and wrinkled.
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MediumMCQ
Which of the following symptoms are common to both Marasmus and Kwashiorkor?
$I-$ Muscle wasting
$II-$ Fat stored under the skin
$III-$ Thinning of limbs
$IV-$ Failure of growth and brain development
$V-$ Severe edema (swelling) in the body
$I-$ Muscle wasting
$II-$ Fat stored under the skin
$III-$ Thinning of limbs
$IV-$ Failure of growth and brain development
$V-$ Severe edema (swelling) in the body
A
$I, III, IV$
B
$I, II, IV$
C
$I, III, IV, V$
D
$I, II, V$
Solution
(A) Marasmus is caused by a deficiency of both proteins and calories,whereas Kwashiorkor is caused by protein deficiency alone.
Common symptoms in both include:
$I-$ Muscle wasting (due to protein breakdown for energy).
$III-$ Thinning of limbs (due to loss of muscle and fat).
$IV-$ Failure of growth and brain development (due to lack of essential nutrients).
$II$ is incorrect because fat is lost in Marasmus,and $V$ (edema) is a characteristic feature of Kwashiorkor but not Marasmus.
Therefore,the common symptoms are $I, III, IV$.
Common symptoms in both include:
$I-$ Muscle wasting (due to protein breakdown for energy).
$III-$ Thinning of limbs (due to loss of muscle and fat).
$IV-$ Failure of growth and brain development (due to lack of essential nutrients).
$II$ is incorrect because fat is lost in Marasmus,and $V$ (edema) is a characteristic feature of Kwashiorkor but not Marasmus.
Therefore,the common symptoms are $I, III, IV$.
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EasyMCQ
If breast feeding is replaced by less nutritive food,low in proteins and calories,then the infants below the age of one year are likely to suffer from . . . . . . .
A
kwashiorkar
B
jaundice
C
marasmus
D
gout
Solution
(C) Marasmus is a protein-energy malnutrition $(PEM)$ disorder caused by a simultaneous deficiency of proteins and calories.
It typically affects infants below the age of one year when breast milk is replaced by foods that are poor in both protein and caloric value.
In contrast,Kwashiorkar is caused by protein deficiency alone and usually occurs in children older than one year.
It typically affects infants below the age of one year when breast milk is replaced by foods that are poor in both protein and caloric value.
In contrast,Kwashiorkar is caused by protein deficiency alone and usually occurs in children older than one year.
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EasyMCQ
Gross calorific value and physiological value of proteins are $X$ and $Y$ $kcal/g$ respectively.
A
$9.45, 5.65$
B
$5.65, 4.0$
C
$4.1, 4.0$
D
$9.45, 9.0$
Solution
(B) The gross calorific value is the amount of heat energy produced from the complete combustion of $1 \ g$ of food in a bomb calorimeter (a closed metal chamber filled with $O_2$).
For proteins,the gross calorific value is $5.65 \ kcal/g$.
The physiological value is the actual amount of energy liberated in the body,which is lower than the gross calorific value because combustion in the body is not complete.
For proteins,the physiological value is $4.0 \ kcal/g$.
Therefore,the values are $5.65 \ kcal/g$ and $4.0 \ kcal/g$ respectively.
For proteins,the gross calorific value is $5.65 \ kcal/g$.
The physiological value is the actual amount of energy liberated in the body,which is lower than the gross calorific value because combustion in the body is not complete.
For proteins,the physiological value is $4.0 \ kcal/g$.
Therefore,the values are $5.65 \ kcal/g$ and $4.0 \ kcal/g$ respectively.
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EasyMCQ
Following are various symptoms of $Marasmus$ $EXCEPT$,
A
Oedema of lower legs and face
B
Dry,wrinkled skin
C
Extreme leanness
D
Atrophy of digestive glands
Solution
(A) $Marasmus$ is a form of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by severe wasting of muscles and extreme leanness.
$Oedema$ (swelling due to fluid retention) is not observed in $Marasmus$.
$Oedema$ is a characteristic symptom of $Kwashiorkor$,which is caused by protein deficiency alone.
$Oedema$ (swelling due to fluid retention) is not observed in $Marasmus$.
$Oedema$ is a characteristic symptom of $Kwashiorkor$,which is caused by protein deficiency alone.
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View Solution162
EasyMCQ
Which one of the following vitamins can be synthesized in humans?
A
Vit. $A$
B
Vit. $D$
C
Vit. $C$
D
Vit. $K$
Solution
(B) Humans can synthesize $Vit. D$ and $Vit. K$ endogenously.
$Vit. D$ is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet $(UV)$ radiation from sunlight,where $7-dehydrocholesterol$ is converted into $cholecalciferol$.
$Vit. K$ is synthesized by the commensal bacteria present in the human large intestine.
However,in the context of standard biology questions,$Vit. D$ is the most commonly cited vitamin synthesized by the human body through skin exposure to sunlight.
$Vit. D$ is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet $(UV)$ radiation from sunlight,where $7-dehydrocholesterol$ is converted into $cholecalciferol$.
$Vit. K$ is synthesized by the commensal bacteria present in the human large intestine.
However,in the context of standard biology questions,$Vit. D$ is the most commonly cited vitamin synthesized by the human body through skin exposure to sunlight.
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View SolutionDigestion and Absorption — Nutrition and Nutritional requirement · Frequently Asked Questions
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