Respiratory volumes and capacities Questions in English

(C) Functional Residual Capacity $(FRC)$ is defined as the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a normal expiration.
It is calculated as the sum of Expiratory Reserve Volume $(ERV)$ and Residual Volume $(RV)$.
Formula: $FRC = ERV + RV$.
Given: $ERV = 1100 \ ml$,$RV = 1200 \ ml$.
Calculation: $FRC = 1100 \ ml + 1200 \ ml = 2300 \ ml$.
Therefore,the correct option is $C$.

(C) The volume of air remaining in the lungs even after a forcible expiration is known as the $Residual \ Volume$ $(RV)$.
It is the air that cannot be expelled from the lungs even with the most forceful exhalation.
$Tidal \ Volume$ $(TV)$ is the volume of air inspired or expired during a normal respiration.
$Functional \ Residual \ Capacity$ $(FRC)$ is the volume of air that will remain in the lungs after a normal expiration $(ERV + RV)$.
$Vital \ Capacity$ $(VC)$ is the maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration $(ERV + TV + IRV)$.

(D) The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration is known as the $Vital \ Capacity$ $(VC)$.
$Vital \ Capacity$ is defined as the maximum amount of air a person can inhale after a maximum expiration.
It is calculated as the sum of $Inspiratory \ Reserve \ Volume$ $(IRV)$,$Tidal \ Volume$ $(TV)$,and $Expiratory \ Reserve \ Volume$ $(ERV)$.
Mathematically,$VC = IRV + TV + ERV$.

(B) The volume of air that remains in the conducting zone of the respiratory system (from the nose to the terminal bronchioles) and does not participate in gaseous exchange is known as anatomical dead space.
In a healthy human adult,the volume of this anatomical dead space is approximately $150 \ ml$.

(D) The dead space in the human respiratory system refers to the volume of air that is inhaled but does not take part in gas exchange.
This air remains in the conducting zones of the respiratory tract,such as the trachea and bronchi.
The anatomical dead space in a healthy adult human is approximately $150 \ ml$.

(C) The volume of air inspired or expired during a normal respiration is called Tidal Volume $(TV)$.
$TV$ is approximately $500 \ mL$ per breath.
To calculate the volume of air inspired or expired per minute,we multiply the $TV$ by the average respiratory rate (breathing rate),which is $12-16$ times per minute.
Calculation: $500 \ mL \times 12 = 6000 \ mL$ and $500 \ mL \times 16 = 8000 \ mL$.
Therefore,a healthy man can inspire or expire approximately $6000 \ mL$ to $8000 \ mL$ of air per minute.

(C) $A-q, B-t, C-p, D-r, E-s$
$1$. Residual Volume $(RV)$ is the volume of air remaining in the lungs even after a forcible expiration, which is approximately $1100 \text{ ml} - 1200 \text{ ml}$.
$2$. Inspiratory Reserve Volume $(IRV)$ is the additional volume of air, a person can inspire by a forcible inspiration, which is $2500 \text{ ml} - 3000 \text{ ml}$.
$3$. Vital Capacity $(VC)$ is the maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration, which is $4000 \text{ ml} - 4600 \text{ ml}$.
$4$. Expiratory Reserve Volume $(ERV)$ is the additional volume of air, a person can expire by a forcible expiration, which is $1000 \text{ ml} - 1100 \text{ ml}$.
$5$. Inspiratory Capacity $(IC)$ is the total volume of air a person can inspire after a normal expiration, which is $3000 \text{ ml} - 3500 \text{ ml}$.

(A) The standard respiratory volumes are as follows:
$A$. $ERV$ (Expiratory Reserve Volume) is the additional volume of air that can be expired by a forcible expiration,which is $1000-1100 \text{ mL}$ $(III)$.
$B$. $RV$ (Residual Volume) is the volume of air remaining in the lungs even after a forcible expiration,which is $1100-1200 \text{ mL}$ $(IV)$.
$C$. $IRV$ (Inspiratory Reserve Volume) is the additional volume of air that can be inspired by a forcible inspiration,which is $2500-3000 \text{ mL}$ $(I)$.
$D$. $TV$ (Tidal Volume) is the volume of air inspired or expired during a normal respiration,which is $500 \text{ mL}$ $(II)$.
Thus,the correct matching is $A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II$.