Mix Examples - Metals and Non-metals Questions in English

(D) In the contact process for the industrial production of sulfuric acid $(H_{2}SO_{4})$, sulfur dioxide $(SO_{2})$ is oxidized to sulfur trioxide $(SO_{3})$ in the presence of a catalyst.
The catalyst used for this reaction is vanadium pentoxide $(V_{2}O_{5})$.
The chemical equation for this step is: $2SO_{2}(g) + O_{2}(g) \xrightarrow{V_{2}O_{5}} 2SO_{3}(g)$.

(C) When sulfur trioxide $(SO_{3})$ gas is absorbed in concentrated sulfuric acid $(H_{2}SO_{4})$,it forms oleum,which is also known as fuming sulfuric acid.
The chemical reaction is as follows:
$SO_{3} + H_{2}SO_{4} \rightarrow H_{2}S_{2}O_{7}$
$H_{2}S_{2}O_{7}$ is known as pyrosulfuric acid or oleum.

(D) When sulfur trioxide $(SO_3)$ gas is absorbed in concentrated sulfuric acid $(H_2SO_4)$,it reacts to form pyrosulfuric acid,which is commonly known as oleum $(H_2S_2O_7)$.
The chemical reaction is as follows:
$SO_3 + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow H_2S_2O_7$ (Oleum).
This process is a key step in the contact process for the industrial production of sulfuric acid.

(B) Oleum,also known as fuming sulfuric acid,is a solution of sulfur trioxide $(SO_{3})$ in sulfuric acid $(H_{2}SO_{4})$.
It is chemically represented as $H_{2}S_{2}O_{7}$,which is formed by the combination of $H_{2}SO_{4}$ and $SO_{3}$ $(H_{2}SO_{4} + SO_{3} \rightarrow H_{2}S_{2}O_{7})$.
Therefore,the correct chemical formula for oleum is $H_{2}S_{2}O_{7}$.

(C) The industrial production of sulfuric acid $(H_2SO_4)$ is primarily carried out by the Contact process.
Historically,the Lead chamber process was the main method used for the large-scale production of sulfuric acid before the Contact process became dominant.
The Haber process is used for the synthesis of ammonia $(NH_3)$.
The Ostwald process is used for the production of nitric acid $(HNO_3)$.
The Hall-Heroult process is used for the extraction of aluminum $(Al)$.
Therefore,the correct option is $C$.

(A) The Contact Process is the industrial method used to produce sulfuric acid $(H_2SO_4)$.
In this process,the primary raw material used is elemental sulfur $(S)$.
First,sulfur is burned in air to produce sulfur dioxide $(SO_2)$: $S(s) + O_2(g) \rightarrow SO_2(g)$.
Then,$SO_2$ is oxidized to sulfur trioxide $(SO_3)$ in the presence of a catalyst $(V_2O_5)$,which is subsequently absorbed in concentrated sulfuric acid to form oleum $(H_2S_2O_7)$,and finally diluted to obtain sulfuric acid.

(B) Concentrated sulfuric acid $(H_{2}SO_{4})$ is typically defined as having a concentration of approximately $98\%$ by mass.
This means that in $100 \text{ g}$ of the solution,there are $98 \text{ g}$ of pure $H_{2}SO_{4}$ and $2 \text{ g}$ of water.
Therefore,the correct option is $B$.

(D) Dilute sulfuric acid is a solution where the concentration of $H_{2}SO_{4}$ is relatively low compared to the solvent (water).
Concentrated sulfuric acid typically contains about $98\%$ $H_{2}SO_{4}$ by mass.
Dilute sulfuric acid is prepared by adding concentrated acid to water,resulting in a significantly lower concentration,typically around $10\%$ to $20\%$ depending on the specific laboratory requirement.
Among the given options,$10\%$ is the most appropriate representation for dilute sulfuric acid.

(C) dehydrating agent is a substance that removes water from another compound or mixture.
Concentrated sulfuric acid $(H_2SO_4)$ is a very strong dehydrating agent because it has a high affinity for water.
It can remove water molecules from various organic compounds,such as sugar $(C_{12}H_{22}O_{11})$,leaving behind carbon.
Therefore,concentrated sulfuric acid is widely used in laboratories for this purpose.

(B) dibasic acid is an acid that contains two replaceable hydrogen atoms per molecule.
$1$. Hydrochloric acid $(HCl)$ is monobasic as it provides one $H^+$ ion.
$2$. Sulphuric acid $(H_2SO_4)$ is dibasic as it provides two $H^+$ ions per molecule upon dissociation $(H_2SO_4 \rightarrow 2H^+ + SO_4^{2-})$.
$3$. Nitric acid $(HNO_3)$ is monobasic as it provides one $H^+$ ion.
$4$. Hydrobromic acid $(HBr)$ is monobasic as it provides one $H^+$ ion.
Therefore,the correct answer is $H_2SO_4$.

(C) When metals react with dilute sulfuric acid $(H_2SO_4)$,they displace hydrogen gas and form their respective metal sulphates.
The general chemical equation is: $Metal + Dilute \ H_2SO_4 \rightarrow Metal \ Sulphate + Hydrogen \ gas$.
For example,when Zinc $(Zn)$ reacts with dilute sulfuric acid,it forms Zinc Sulphate $(ZnSO_4)$ and releases Hydrogen gas $(H_2)$.

(C) Based on the properties provided in the table:
$1$. Group $1$ materials are non-malleable,poor conductors of heat,and non-ductile. These are characteristic properties of non-metals.
$2$. Group $2$ materials are malleable,good conductors of heat,and ductile. These are characteristic properties of metals.
$3$. Metals are sonorous (produce a ringing sound when struck),which is why they are used to make bells. Therefore,the statement that materials in Group $2$ can be used to make bells is a scientifically accurate property of metals and cannot be false.