Easy
Write a short note on the Greenhouse Effect.
(N/A) The Earth's surface and substances on it absorb energy from the Sun and become hot based on their absorptivity.
These hot substances emit infrared rays. Due to their long wavelengths,these rays cannot easily escape the Earth's atmosphere.
These radiations are primarily absorbed by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide $(CO_{2})$,methane $(CH_{4})$,nitrous oxide $(N_{2}O)$,chlorofluorocarbons $(CFCs)$,and tropospheric ozone $(O_{3})$,which then heat up.
These heated greenhouse gases re-emit infrared radiation,returning energy to the Earth's surface. As a result,the Earth's surface remains warm,and the temperature stays relatively constant.
This cycle continues,trapping heat within the atmosphere. This phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect. Infrared rays are also called heat rays because they carry thermal energy. This is why the atmosphere feels warmer on cloudy nights in winter compared to clear nights.
Without the greenhouse effect,the Earth's average temperature would be approximately $-18^{\circ}C$.
Due to human activities,the concentration of greenhouse gases has increased,causing the Earth to become hotter. Consequently,the global average temperature has risen by $0.3^{\circ}C$ to $0.6^{\circ}C$.
It is projected that in the next half-century,the Earth's temperature could be $1^{\circ}C$ to $3^{\circ}C$ higher than it is today. This global warming poses significant challenges for humanity,plants,and animals.
As a result of global warming,pollution levels are increasing,leading to the rapid melting of polar ice caps. This causes sea levels to rise and alters global climate patterns.
Many coastal cities face the risk of being submerged,and desertification may increase due to intensified greenhouse effects. Global cooperation is essential to mitigate the impacts of global warming.
These hot substances emit infrared rays. Due to their long wavelengths,these rays cannot easily escape the Earth's atmosphere.
These radiations are primarily absorbed by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide $(CO_{2})$,methane $(CH_{4})$,nitrous oxide $(N_{2}O)$,chlorofluorocarbons $(CFCs)$,and tropospheric ozone $(O_{3})$,which then heat up.
These heated greenhouse gases re-emit infrared radiation,returning energy to the Earth's surface. As a result,the Earth's surface remains warm,and the temperature stays relatively constant.
This cycle continues,trapping heat within the atmosphere. This phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect. Infrared rays are also called heat rays because they carry thermal energy. This is why the atmosphere feels warmer on cloudy nights in winter compared to clear nights.
Without the greenhouse effect,the Earth's average temperature would be approximately $-18^{\circ}C$.
Due to human activities,the concentration of greenhouse gases has increased,causing the Earth to become hotter. Consequently,the global average temperature has risen by $0.3^{\circ}C$ to $0.6^{\circ}C$.
It is projected that in the next half-century,the Earth's temperature could be $1^{\circ}C$ to $3^{\circ}C$ higher than it is today. This global warming poses significant challenges for humanity,plants,and animals.
As a result of global warming,pollution levels are increasing,leading to the rapid melting of polar ice caps. This causes sea levels to rise and alters global climate patterns.
Many coastal cities face the risk of being submerged,and desertification may increase due to intensified greenhouse effects. Global cooperation is essential to mitigate the impacts of global warming.
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If a black body at $400 \ K$ surrounded by atmosphere at $300 \ K$ has a rate of cooling '$R_0$',the same body at $900 \ K$,surrounded by the same atmosphere,will have a rate of cooling nearly:
Surface temperature of the sun is of the order of $K$.
Easy
View SolutionThe Sun emits radiation in all directions. The Earth receives approximately $1.4 \ kW/m^2$ of radiation per second. The distance between the Sun and the Earth is $1.5 \times 10^{11} \ m$. How much mass does the Sun lose per day? $(1 \ \text{day} = 86400 \ s)$
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View SolutionThree very large plates of the same area are kept parallel and close to each other. They are considered as ideal black surfaces and have very high thermal conductivity. The first and third plates are maintained at temperatures $2\ T$ and $3\ T$ respectively. The temperature of the middle (i.e.,second) plate under steady-state condition is
The filament of a light bulb has a surface area of $64 \ mm^2$. The filament can be considered as a black body at a temperature of $2500 \ K$,emitting radiation like a point source when viewed from afar. At night,the light bulb is observed from a distance of $100 \ m$. Assume the pupil of the observer's eye to be circular with a radius of $3 \ mm$. Then:
(Take Stefan-Boltzmann constant $= 5.67 \times 10^{-8} \ W \ m^{-2} \ K^{-4}$,Wien's displacement constant $= 2.90 \times 10^{-3} \ m \ K$,Planck's constant $= 6.63 \times 10^{-34} \ J \ s$,speed of light in vacuum $= 3.00 \times 10^8 \ m \ s^{-1}$)
$(A)$ The power radiated by the filament is in the range $642 \ W$ to $645 \ W$.
$(B)$ The radiated power entering into one eye of the observer is in the range $3.15 \times 10^{-8} \ W$ to $3.25 \times 10^{-8} \ W$.
$(C)$ The wavelength corresponding to the maximum intensity of light is $1160 \ nm$.
$(D)$ Taking the average wavelength of emitted radiation to be $1740 \ nm$,the total number of photons entering per second into one eye of the observer is in the range $2.75 \times 10^{11}$ to $2.85 \times 10^{11}$.
(Take Stefan-Boltzmann constant $= 5.67 \times 10^{-8} \ W \ m^{-2} \ K^{-4}$,Wien's displacement constant $= 2.90 \times 10^{-3} \ m \ K$,Planck's constant $= 6.63 \times 10^{-34} \ J \ s$,speed of light in vacuum $= 3.00 \times 10^8 \ m \ s^{-1}$)
$(A)$ The power radiated by the filament is in the range $642 \ W$ to $645 \ W$.
$(B)$ The radiated power entering into one eye of the observer is in the range $3.15 \times 10^{-8} \ W$ to $3.25 \times 10^{-8} \ W$.
$(C)$ The wavelength corresponding to the maximum intensity of light is $1160 \ nm$.
$(D)$ Taking the average wavelength of emitted radiation to be $1740 \ nm$,the total number of photons entering per second into one eye of the observer is in the range $2.75 \times 10^{11}$ to $2.85 \times 10^{11}$.
MediumIIT 2020
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