Medium
Explain the types of inductive effect.
(N/A) The inductive effect is the permanent displacement of shared electron pairs along a carbon chain due to the difference in electronegativity of the atoms or groups attached to the chain.
It is classified into two types:
$1$. Negative Inductive Effect ($-I$ effect): When an atom or group attached to the carbon chain is more electronegative than carbon,it attracts the shared pair of electrons towards itself. Examples include $-NO_2$,$-CN$,$-COOH$,$-F$,$-Cl$,$-Br$,and $-I$.
$2$. Positive Inductive Effect ($+I$ effect): When an atom or group attached to the carbon chain is less electronegative (or electron-donating) compared to carbon,it pushes the electron density away from itself towards the carbon chain. Examples include alkyl groups like $-CH_3$,$-C_2H_5$,and $-CH(CH_3)_2$.
It is classified into two types:
$1$. Negative Inductive Effect ($-I$ effect): When an atom or group attached to the carbon chain is more electronegative than carbon,it attracts the shared pair of electrons towards itself. Examples include $-NO_2$,$-CN$,$-COOH$,$-F$,$-Cl$,$-Br$,and $-I$.
$2$. Positive Inductive Effect ($+I$ effect): When an atom or group attached to the carbon chain is less electronegative (or electron-donating) compared to carbon,it pushes the electron density away from itself towards the carbon chain. Examples include alkyl groups like $-CH_3$,$-C_2H_5$,and $-CH(CH_3)_2$.
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Similar Questions
Match the following electronic effects in List-$I$ with their corresponding examples or representations in List-$II$.
List-$I$ List-$II$ $(A)$ Resonance $(I)$ $C=C + H^+ \rightarrow C^+-C-H$ $(B)$ Inductive effect $(II)$ $H-CH_2-CH_2^+ \leftrightarrow H-CH_2=CH_2^+$ $(C)$ Electromeric effect $(III)$ $C_6H_6$ $(D)$ Hyperconjugation $(IV)$ $CH_3-Z \rightarrow CH_3^- + Z^+$ $(V)$ $CH_3-CH_2-CH_2Cl$
| List-$I$ | List-$II$ |
| $(A)$ Resonance | $(I)$ $C=C + H^+ \rightarrow C^+-C-H$ |
| $(B)$ Inductive effect | $(II)$ $H-CH_2-CH_2^+ \leftrightarrow H-CH_2=CH_2^+$ |
| $(C)$ Electromeric effect | $(III)$ $C_6H_6$ |
| $(D)$ Hyperconjugation | $(IV)$ $CH_3-Z \rightarrow CH_3^- + Z^+$ |
| $(V)$ $CH_3-CH_2-CH_2Cl$ |
Which one of the following represents the hyperconjugation effect?
Which pair of groups exhibits the $(-I)$ effect?
Easy
View SolutionSteric inhibition of resonance takes place in
Difficult
View SolutionIn which of the following groups is the $(-M)$ effect observed?
Medium
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