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(D) The energy gap between $HOMO$ and $LUMO$ is related to the bond order and the stability of the molecular orbitals. For $N_2$ (bond order $3$),the

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$N_2$

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(D) The energy gap between $HOMO$ and $LUMO$ is related to the bond order and the stability of the molecular orbitals. For $N_2$ (bond order $3$),the $HOMO$ is $\sigma 2p_z$ and the $LUMO$ is $\sigma^* 2p_z$. The energy gap is very large. For $C_2$ (bond order $2$),the $HOMO$ is $\pi 2p$ and the $LUMO$ is $\sigma 2p_z$. For $O_2$ (bond order $2$),the $HOMO$ is $\pi^* 2p$ and the $LUMO$ is $\sigma^* 2p$. For $N_2^-$ (bond order $2.5$),the $HOMO$ is $\pi^* 2p$ and the $LUMO$ is $\sigma^* 2p$. Comparing the energy gaps,$N_2$ has the highest energy gap between its $HOMO$ and $LUMO$ due to the large splitting between the bonding $\sigma 2p_z$ and antibonding $\sigma^* 2p_z$ orbitals. Therefore,$N_2$ requires the maximum energy for its $HOMO-LUMO$ electronic transition.

Which of the following species absorbs maximum energy in its $HOMO-LUMO$ electronic transition?

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