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(B) Electrophilic nitration is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The reactivity of the benzene ring towards electrophiles depends on th

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Toluene

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(B) Electrophilic nitration is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The reactivity of the benzene ring towards electrophiles depends on the electron density of the ring. Electron-donating groups $(EDG)$ increase the electron density and activate the ring,while electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)$ decrease the electron density and deactivate the ring. $1$. $Toluene$ $(C_6H_5CH_3)$: The methyl group is an electron-donating group due to the $+I$ effect and hyperconjugation,which activates the ring. $2$. $Benzene$ $(C_6H_6)$: Has no substituent. $3$. $Benzoic  acid$ $(C_6H_5COOH)$: The $-COOH$ group is strongly electron-withdrawing,deactivating the ring. $4$. $Nitrobenzene$ $(C_6H_5NO_2)$: The $-NO_2$ group is a very strong electron-withdrawing group,strongly deactivating the ring. Therefore,$Toluene$ is the most reactive towards electrophilic nitration.

Which of the following is most reactive towards electrophilic nitration?

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