In the nitration mixture,concentrated sulfuric acid $(H_2SO_4)$ is used as:

Which of the following is the major product from the sulfonation of $\alpha$-tetralone?

The reaction$(s)$ leading to the formation of $1,3,5-$trimethylbenzene is (are):
$(A)$ $3CH_3COCH_3 \xrightarrow{Conc. H_2SO_4, \Delta} 1,3,5-\text{trimethylbenzene}$
$(B)$ $3CH_3C \equiv CH \xrightarrow{\text{heated iron tube}, 873 K} 1,3,5-\text{trimethylbenzene}$
$(C)$ $1,3,5-\text{triacetylbenzene} \xrightarrow{1) Br_2, NaOH, 2) H_3O^+, 3) \text{sodalime}, \Delta} \text{benzene}$
$(D)$ $1,3,5-\text{triformylbenzene} \xrightarrow{Zn/Hg, HCl} 1,3,5-\text{trimethylbenzene}$

Which isomer of xylene can give three different monochloroderivatives?

To convert cyclononatetraene into an aromatic ion,the process needed is

Explain the mechanism of the first and second steps of the general electrophilic substitution reaction for benzene.