What will happen to an ecosystem if :
$(a)$ All producers are removed;
$(b)$ All organisms of herbivore level are eliminated; and
$(c)$ All top carnivore population is removed
$(a)$ If all producers are removed then primary productivity will be decreased. Therefore biomass will not be obtained to next successive/sequential higher equatorial trophic level or heterotrophic organisms.
$(b)$ If all herbivores organisms are removed primary productivity and biomass of producers will increase and carnivores animals will not be survived due to animals are not obtained as food.
$(c)$ By removing higher carnivores there would be disturbance in ecosystem because herbivores will be increased in number which destroy trees and produce desert region.
The biotic part of ecosystem includes
The number of individuals of a species in a particular ecosystem at a given time remains constant due to
A food chain starts with
The food chain which begin with dead organic matter is called
$A$ : Detritus food chain begins with detritus.
$R$ : Detrivores like fungi and bacteria are major decomposers in such food chains.