Two students P and Q perform an experiment to | vedclass

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(D) Random errors are characterized by fluctuations in both positive and negative directions around the true value (the best-fit line). Systematic err

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$P$ has both random and systematic errors

Vedclass · Answer

(D) Random errors are characterized by fluctuations in both positive and negative directions around the true value (the best-fit line). Systematic errors are characterized by a consistent shift of the data points away from the true value in a specific direction (either all positive or all negative).For student $P$,the data points are scattered both above and below the best-fit line. This indicates the presence of random errors. However,the best-fit line itself does not pass through the origin $(0,0)$,which indicates a consistent offset or bias,signifying the presence of a systematic error.For student $Q$,the data points are consistently shifted above the best-fit line,indicating a systematic error. The scatter around the line is minimal,suggesting negligible random error.Therefore,student $P$ has both random and systematic errors.

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