Two positive ions, each carrying a charge $q,$ are separated by a distance $d.$ If $F$ is the force of repulsion between the ions, the number of electrons missing from each ion will be  ($e$ being the charge on an electron)

Two identical pendulum $A$ and $B$ are suspended from the same point. The bobs are given positive charges, with $A$ having more charge than $B$ . They diverge and reach at equilibrium, with $A$ and $B$ making angles $\theta _1$ and $\theta _2$ with the vertical respectively, Then

Two small conducting spheres of equal radius have charges $ + 10\,\mu C$ and $ - 20\,\mu C$ respectively and placed at a distance $R$ from each other experience force ${F_1}$. If they are brought in contact and separated to the same distance, they experience force ${F_2}$. The ratio of ${F_1}$ to ${F_2}$ is

An electron is moving round the nucleus of a hydrogen atom in a circular orbit of radius $r$. The coulomb force $\overrightarrow F $ between the two is (Where $K = \frac{1}{{4\pi {\varepsilon _0}}}$)

The ratio of the forces between two small spheres with constant charge $(a)$ in air $(b)$ in a medium of dielectric constant $K$ is

Two identical conducting spheres carry identical charges. If the spheres are set at a certain distance apart, they repel each other with a force $F$. A third conducting sphere identical to the other two, but initially uncharged is touched to one sphere and then to the other before being removed. The force between the original two spheres is now