Two metal spheres of radius $R$ and $3R$ have the same surface charge density $\sigma$. If they are brought in contact and then separated,the surface charge density on the smaller and bigger sphere becomes $\sigma_1$ and $\sigma_2$,respectively. The ratio $\frac{\sigma_1}{\sigma_2}$ is:

$A$ hollow metal sphere of radius $R$ is charged with a charge $Q$. The electric potential and intensity inside the sphere are respectively

Consider an initially neutral hollow conducting spherical shell with inner radius $r$ and outer radius $2r$. $A$ point charge $+Q$ is now placed inside the shell at a distance $r/2$ from the centre. The shell is then grounded by connecting the outer surface to the earth. $P$ is an external point at a distance $2r$ from the point charge $+Q$ on the line passing through the centre and the point charge $+Q$ as shown in the figure. The magnitude of the force on a test charge $+q$ placed at $P$ will be

Explain the electrostatics of conductors. Explain the effects produced inside a metallic conductor placed in an external electric field.

Consider two concentric spherical metal shells of radii $r_{1}$ and $r_{2}$ $(r_{2} > r_{1})$. If the outer shell has a charge $q$ and the inner one is grounded,the charge on the inner shell is

$A$ positive point charge $q$ is placed at a distance $2R$ from the surface of a metallic shell of radius $R$. The electric field at the centre of the shell due to the induced charge has a magnitude of: