Two identical square rods of metal are welded end to end as shown in figure $(i)$,$20 \text{ calories}$ of heat flows through them in $4 \text{ minutes}$. If the rods are welded as shown in figure $(ii)$,the same amount of heat will flow through the rods in ....... $\text{min}$.

An insulated container is filled with ice at $0\,^{\circ}\text{C}$,and another container is filled with water that is continuously boiling at $100\,^{\circ}\text{C}$. In a series of experiments,the containers are connected by various thick metal rods that pass through the walls of the container as shown in the figure.
In experiment $I$: a copper rod is used and all ice melts in $20$ minutes.
In experiment $II$: a steel rod of identical dimensions is used and all ice melts in $80$ minutes.
In experiment $III$: both the rods are used in series and all ice melts in $t_{10}$ minutes.
In experiment $IV$: both rods are used in parallel and all ice melts in $t_{20}$ minutes.

Two conducting rods $A$ and $B$ of same length and cross-sectional area are connected $(i)$ In series $(ii)$ In parallel as shown. In both combinations,a temperature difference of $100^{\circ}C$ is maintained. If the thermal conductivity of $A$ is $3K$ and that of $B$ is $K$,then the ratio of heat current flowing in the parallel combination to that flowing in the series combination is:

$A$ slab consists of two parallel layers of copper and brass of equal thickness. The ratio of their thermal conductivities is $1:4$. If the temperature of the free side of the brass is $100^{\circ}C$ and that of the copper is $0^{\circ}C$,find the temperature of the interface in $^{\circ}C$.

$A$ hollow sphere of inner radius $R$ and outer radius $2R$ is made of a material of thermal conductivity $K$. It is surrounded by another hollow sphere of inner radius $2R$ and outer radius $3R$ made of the same material of thermal conductivity $K$. The inside of the smaller sphere is maintained at $0^oC$ and the outside of the bigger sphere at $100^oC$. The system is in steady state. The temperature of the interface will be ........ $^oC$.

In the following figure,two insulating sheets with thermal resistances $R$ and $3R$ are shown. The temperature $\theta$ at the interface is ...... $^oC$.