Three concentric spherical metallic shells $X , Y$ and $Z$ of radius $a , b$ and c respectively $[ a < b < c ]$ have surface charge densities $\sigma,-\sigma$ and $\sigma$, respectively. The shells $X$ and $Z$ are at same potential. If the radii of $X$ and $Y$ are $2\,cm$ and $3\,cm$, respectively.The radius of shell $Z$ is $......cm$.

Two metal spheres $A$ and $B$ of radii $a$ and $b(a < b)$ respectively are at a large distance apart. Each sphere carries a charge of $100 \mu C$. The spheres are connected by a conducting wire, then

Which of the following statements is true about the flow of electrons in an electric circuit?

Two point charges $-Q$ and $+Q / \sqrt{3}$ are placed in the xy-plane at the origin $(0,0)$ and a point $(2,0)$, respectively, as shown in the figure. This results in an equipotential circle of radius $R$ and potential $V =0$ in the $xy$-plane with its center at $(b, 0)$. All lengths are measured in meters.

($1$) The value of $R$ is. . . . meter.

($2$) The value of $b$ is. . . . . .meter.

The electric potential at the surface of an atomic nucleus $(z=50)$ of radius $9 \times 10^{-13} \mathrm{~cm}$ is ________$\times 10^6 \mathrm{~V}$.

At the centre of a half ring of radius $R=10 \mathrm{~cm}$ and linear charge density $4 \mathrm{n} \mathrm{C} \mathrm{m}^{-1}$, the potential is $x \pi V$. The value of $x$ is  . . . . .