There is a layer of snow $x \ cm$ thick on water,when the temperature of the air is $-\theta ^\circ C$ (less than the freezing point). If the thickness of the layer increases from $x$ to $y$ in time $t$,then the value of $t$ is given by:

Two rods (one semi-circular and one straight) are made of the same material and have the same cross-sectional area. They are joined as shown in the figure. Points $A$ and $B$ are maintained at different temperatures. The ratio of the heat current flowing through the semi-circular rod to that flowing through the straight rod in a given time is:

Three conducting rods of the same material and cross-section are shown in the figure. The temperatures of $A$,$D$,and $C$ are maintained at $20^{\circ} C$,$90^{\circ} C$,and $0^{\circ} C$ respectively. If there is no heat flow in rod $AB$,the ratio of the lengths of $BD$ and $BC$ is:

Two rods,one made of copper and the other made of steel,of the same length and same cross-sectional area,are joined together. The thermal conductivities of copper and steel are $385 \, W \, m^{-1} \, K^{-1}$ and $50 \, W \, m^{-1} \, K^{-1}$ respectively. The free ends of copper and steel are held at $100^{\circ} \, C$ and $0^{\circ} \, C$ respectively. The temperature at the junction is nearly $.......^{\circ} \, C$.

Two plates of the same area are placed in contact. Their thicknesses as well as their thermal conductivities are in the ratio $2:3$. The outer surface of one plate is maintained at $10^{\circ} C$ and that of the other at $0^{\circ} C$. The temperature at the common surface is (in $^{\circ} C$)

These days,people use steel utensils with copper bottoms. This is considered good for uniform heating of food. Explain this effect using the fact that copper is a better conductor of heat.